Integration of multimodal cues does not alter mean but reduces variance in avian responses to predators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplmentary Material

Author

Kim + Shinichi et al.

Published

August 27, 2023

1 Setting up

1.1 Loading packages

Code 
# install.packages("pacman")
# pacman::p_load(devtools, tidyverse, metafor, patchwork, R.rsp, emmeans)

# devtools::install_github("daniel1noble/orchaRd", force = TRUE)
library(pacman)

p_load(
    tidyverse,
    here,
    #lme4,
    orchaRd,
    metafor,
    patchwork,
    alluvial,
    ggalluvial,
    ape,
    #easyalluvial,
    clubSandwich,
    emmeans,
    MuMIn,
    kableExtra,
    pander,
    parallel,
    miWQS # for Rubin's rules
)

# making metafor talk to MuMIn
eval(metafor:::.MuMIn)

1.2 Getting data loaded

Code 
dat_full <- read.csv(here("data/dat_19_07_2023_spp.csv"))
meta_dat <- read.csv(here("data/Meta-data.csv"))

# we can do 50 different trees as in 
# https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/68/4/632/5267840
tree_50 <- readRDS(here("tree/tree_50.RDS"))

tree <- tree_50[[1]]
#plot(tree)
# turning it into a correlation matrix
cor_tree <- vcv(tree, corr=T)

1.3 Raw data and meta-data

Code 
# making a scrollable table
kable(dat_full, "html", escape = FALSE) %>% kable_styling("striped", position = "left", full_width = TRUE) %>% 
  column_spec(66, width_min = "5in") %>% 
  scroll_box(width = "100%", 
    height = "500px")
RecNo ExtractedBy Author Year FocalSpC FocalSpL MultiplePred PredSpC PredSpL PredGuild PredTo Setting Treatment Season Design TreatmentDuration duration_days ResponsePeriod ControlType Sex Age N Nobs NTreat Ncontrol SubjectID ResponseID Type Category SubCategory ResponseDetails PredictedDirection Direction d l_95 u_95 v Calculation Control_mean Control_se Control_sd Treatment_mean Treatment_se Treatment_sd control_median control_lowerquartile control_upperquartile treament_median treament_lowerquartile treatment_upperquartile Beta_estimate Beta_se Beta_sd l95CI U95CI SE t T Z F Wald X2 H U p Details FocalSpL_corrected
1 JDAT Mathot 2016 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field A non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after NonPred both A 31 114 26.0 31.0 52 141 Physiology Condition Mass MassChange -1 1 -0.292700 -0.816700 0.23130 0.0714710 Fig3 -0.0172410 0.1337690 NA -0.1706300 0.0659930 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
3 JDAT Mathot 2015 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV non-breeding within 30 days 30.0000000 after Blank both A 65 530 60.0 65.0 51 140 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResume -1 -1 1.005200 0.632800 1.37760 0.0361000 Supplementary Table 1 7385.3900000 NA 5006.7500000 12642.5100000 NA 5461.7900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Measure of latency after started the experiment. Could be during the process. Information from same individuals and across different individuals Parus_major
4 KJM Abbey-Lee 2018 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 after NonPred F A 286 384 143.0 143.0 v 33 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.000000 -0.231800 0.23180 0.0139860 provided in text, assumed individuals balanced across treatments 8.7000000 0.1300000 NA 8.7000000 0.1500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
5 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after NonPred both A 143 143 67.0 76.0 y 40 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance recapture probability 1 -1 0.157900 -0.239500 0.55530 0.0403770 values in text - used binary proportions calculator 0.6700000 NA NA 0.7300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
5 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after NonPred both A 92 92 43.0 49.0 y 41 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) -1 1 -0.269200 -0.680600 0.14220 0.0440580 Table 2, interaction estimate NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.14000 0.1147959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
5 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after NonPred both A 92 92 43.0 49.0 y 42 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity exploration -1 1 -0.359900 -0.772700 0.05290 0.0443680 Table 2, interaction estimate NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.03000 0.0153061 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
6 JDAT/KJM Hakkarainen 2002 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Field A breeding among 4 hours 0.3333333 during NonPred both A 15 30 15.0 15.0 29 96 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning Latency to visit nest after treatment -1 -1 -0.017200 0.732900 0.69850 0.1333380 means and se's in main text 5.4000000 0.8700000 NA 5.3300000 1.2700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.04 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.967 Ficedula_hypoleuca
6 JDAT/KJM Hakkarainen 2002 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Field A breeding within 4 hours 0.3333333 during NonPred both A 13 25 12.0 13.0 29 96 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning Provisioning rate (owl first treatment) -1 1 0.293300 -0.495500 1.08210 0.1619770 Table1, means and se 0.5500000 0.1300000 NA 0.5500000 0.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.7 Ficedula_hypoleuca
6 JDAT/KJM Hakkarainen 2002 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Field A breeding within 4 hours 0.3333333 during NonPred both A 15 30 15.0 15.0 29 96 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning Provisioning rate (blackbird first treatment) -1 1 0.149300 -0.567300 0.86600 0.1337050 Table1, means and se 0.4100000 0.1100000 NA 0.4900000 0.1700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.67 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 Ficedula_hypoleuca
7 KJM Mathot 2020 Red knot Calidris canutus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 days each 5.0000000 after Blank both A 48 96 48.0 48.0 120 240 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) -1 1 -0.692050 NA NA NA mean effect size in Table 1 & SE computed from 95% CI in text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -6.26000 0.6989796 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Calidris_canutus
7 KJM Mathot 2020 Red knot Calidris canutus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 days each 5.0000000 after Blank both A 48 96 48.0 48.0 120 241 Behaviour Intake Foraging proption of time foraging -1 1 -0.060740 NA NA NA mean effect size in Table 1 & SE computed from 95% CI in text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.44000 0.1581633 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Calidris_canutus
7 KJM Mathot 2020 Red knot Calidris canutus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 days each 5.0000000 after Blank both A 48 96 48.0 48.0 120 242 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity proportion of time active -1 1 -0.064710 NA NA NA mean effect size in Table 1 & SE computed from 95% CI in text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.48000 0.2448980 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Calidris_canutus
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding within 10 seconds 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 50 100 50.0 50.0 w 37 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship number of songs -1 1 -0.318470 NA NA NA from Table 1: interaction estimate, beta/sd NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.54000 -0.2397959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding within 10 seconds 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 50 100 50.0 50.0 w 38 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing number of alarms 1 1 0.355563 NA NA NA from Table 1: interaction estimate, beta/sd NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.86000 0.7397959 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 during NonPred both A 657 657 331.0 326.0 x 39 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance predator avoidance, number of birds 1 -1 -0.080900 -0.233900 0.07210 0.0060940 Figure 2 2.2100000 0.1400000 NA 2.0400000 0.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 after NonPred both A 763 763 373.0 390.0 x 39 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance predator avoidance, number of birds 1 -1 -0.254300 -0.396800 -0.11170 0.0052870 Figure 2 2.5100000 0.1200000 NA 1.9800000 0.0700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 during NonPred both A 657 657 331.0 326.0 x 40 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarms per bird 1 1 0.061200 -0.091700 0.21420 0.0060910 Figure 2 2.8600000 0.5300000 NA 3.7500000 0.9700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 after NonPred both A 763 763 373.0 390.0 x 40 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarms per bird 1 1 0.142200 0.000100 0.28440 0.0052580 Figure2 1.9700000 0.3800000 NA 3.7500000 0.8100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 during NonPred both A 657 657 331.0 326.0 x 41 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship songs per bird -1 1 -0.118600 -0.271700 0.03450 0.0060990 Figure2 7.5300000 0.5400000 NA 7.1600000 0.8300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
8 KJM Abbey-Lee 2016 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter_nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 4 months 122.0000000 after NonPred both A 763 763 373.0 390.0 x 41 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship songs per bird -1 1 -0.026200 -0.168100 0.11580 0.0052460 Figure2 8.7300000 0.5800000 NA 7.1000000 0.9200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance NPeeksEntrance 1 1 1.295600 0.305300 2.28590 0.2553000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.80000 0.3903061 NA 1.020 2.550 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance NPeeksEntrance 1 1 1.393400 0.363400 2.42340 0.2762000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.90000 0.4030612 NA 1.110 2.690 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance NSittingAtEntrance 1 1 0.879500 -0.063500 1.82250 0.2315000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.95000 0.2780612 NA 0.360 1.450 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance NSittingAtEntrance 1 1 0.593600 -0.350500 1.53770 0.2320000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.82000 0.3494898 NA 0.180 1.550 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PeeksFrequency 1 1 0.352800 -0.554700 1.26030 0.2144000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.47000 0.3188776 NA -0.130 1.120 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PeeksFrequency 1 1 0.732100 -0.222300 1.68640 0.2371000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.94000 0.3316327 NA 0.300 1.600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance AwakeningTo1stPeek 1 -1 0.222700 -0.680700 1.12600 0.2124000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.40000 0.4260204 NA -0.410 1.260 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 113 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance AwakeningTo1stPeek 1 -1 0.326700 -0.603300 1.25680 0.2252000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.58000 0.4362245 NA -0.270 1.440 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 114 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity Time from waking up to exiting box -1 -1 1.647700 0.605800 2.68950 0.2826000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.41000 0.4464286 NA 1.540 3.290 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after Blank both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 114 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity Time from waking up to exiting box -1 -1 2.343100 1.143300 3.54280 0.3747000 Table2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.96000 0.4719388 NA 2.050 3.900 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N European pine Marten Martes martes Mammal A Field V non-breeding within 45min 0.0625000 after NonPred both A 10 10 10.0 9.0 36 114 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity MorningLatency -1 -1 0.082400 -0.818500 0.98330 0.2113000 Table3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.09000 0.2576531 NA -0.420 0.590 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
12 JDAT Stuber 2014 Great tit Parus major N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V non-breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 after NonPred both A 9 9 9.0 9.0 36 114 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity MorningLatency -1 -1 -0.194300 -1.120400 0.73180 0.2233000 Table3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.24000 0.3010204 NA -0.790 0.390 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Bird N Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 30 30 15.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) day 8 -1 1 -0.816400 -0.561300 -0.17150 0.1444420 Figure 2, day 8 12.7905000 0.1476000 NA 12.2619000 0.1952000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Bird N Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 30 30 15.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) day 14 -1 1 0.105200 -0.611000 0.82130 0.1335180 Figure 2, day 14 16.3429000 0.1666000 NA 16.4143000 0.1952000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 29 29 14.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) day 8 -1 1 -0.008000 -0.736300 0.72040 0.1380960 Figure 2, day 8 12.7905000 0.1476000 NA 12.7859000 0.1667000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 29 29 14.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) day 14 -1 1 0.050900 -0.677600 0.77930 0.1381400 Figure 2, day 14 16.3429000 0.1666000 NA 16.3762000 0.1905000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Bird N Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 30 30 15.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Growth WingLength(mm) day 8 -1 1 -0.717500 -1.455800 0.02090 0.1419130 Figure 4, day 8 22.6597000 0.2844000 NA 21.7552000 0.3823000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Bird N Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 30 30 15.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Growth WingLength(mm) day 14 -1 1 -0.521200 -1.248900 0.20660 0.1378600 figure 4, day 14 48.2625000 0.3174000 NA 47.4411000 0.5041000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 29 29 14.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Growth WingLength(mm) day 8 -1 1 0.008100 -0.707600 0.72380 0.1333340 Figure 4, day 8 22.6597000 0.2844000 NA 22.6690000 0.3263000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
14 JDAT/KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both N 29 29 14.0 15.0 93 175 Physiology Condition Growth WingLength(mm) day 14 -1 1 0.057200 -0.658600 0.77300 0.1333880 figure 4, day 14 48.2625000 0.3174000 NA 48.3372000 0.3781000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
16 JDAT Moks 2014 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within 15 min 0.0208333 after Blank both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 48 135 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning MeanProvisioningRate -1 1 0.045100 -0.520800 0.61090 0.0833540 Results, means and s.e. 9.2000000 1.9000000 NA 9.6000000 1.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.200 NA NA NA NA 0.06 Parus_major
16 JDAT Moks 2014 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within 15 min 0.0208333 after Blank M A 24 48 24.0 24.0 48 136 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation time spent brooding/tending to nest -1 1 0.190800 -0.376200 0.75790 0.0837130 means and se from figure 2 14.2703000 3.8919000 NA 17.2973000 2.5946000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
16 JDAT Moks 2014 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within 15 min 0.0208333 after Blank F A 24 48 24.0 24.0 48 137 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation time spent brooding/tending to nest -1 1 -0.629800 -1.209500 -0.05020 0.0874660 means and se from figure 2 332.9730000 60.9729000 NA 179.4595000 38.0540000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 66 66 28.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -1.030800 -1.560700 -0.50100 0.0730790 means and se from Table 3 0.9400000 0.1100000 NA 0.3600000 0.0700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 67 67 29.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -1.367400 -1.903300 -0.83150 0.0747530 means and se from Table 3 0.9400000 0.1100000 NA 0.2100000 0.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 66 66 28.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.875300 -1.396700 -0.35400 0.0707630 means and se from Table 3 5.5000000 0.9500000 NA 1.6100000 0.4300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 67 67 29.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.972200 -1.482800 -0.46170 0.0678520 means and se from Table 3 5.5000000 0.9500000 NA 1.2300000 0.4300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding among 2 days 22.0000000 during NonPred M A 66 66 28.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -0.928500 -1.452600 -0.40440 0.0715130 means and se from Table 3 0.6000000 0.0900000 NA 0.1900000 0.0400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred M A 67 67 29.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -1.049000 -1.563900 -0.53410 0.0690100 means and se from Table 3 0.6000000 0.0900000 NA 0.1300000 0.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred M A 66 66 28.0 38.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.772100 -1.288600 -0.25560 0.0694350 means and se from Table 3 5.2400000 0.9500000 NA 1.5900000 0.4900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 during NonPred M A 67 67 29.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -1.068300 -1.584300 -0.55230 0.0693150 means and se from Table 3 5.2400000 0.9500000 NA 0.5400000 0.1700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank F A 121 121 28.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -0.811600 -1.246300 -0.37690 0.0491860 means and se from Table 3 0.7300000 0.0500000 NA 0.3600000 0.0700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank F A 122 122 29.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -1.184700 -1.627200 -0.74210 0.0509870 means and se from Table 3 0.7300000 0.0500000 NA 0.2100000 0.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank F A 121 121 28.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.588700 -1.017600 -0.15970 0.0478990 means and se from Table 3 4.4600000 0.5600000 NA 1.6100000 0.4300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank F A 122 122 29.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.668800 -1.094000 -0.24350 0.0470680 means and se from Table 3 4.4600000 0.5400000 NA 1.2300000 0.4300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank M A 121 121 28.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -0.854200 -1.290200 -0.41820 0.0494820 means and se from Table 3 0.5600000 0.0500000 NA 0.1900000 0.0400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank M A 122 122 29.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisionig: rate (vistis per 10 min) -1 1 -0.979600 -1.414200 -0.54500 0.0491690 means and se from Table 3 0.5600000 0.0500000 NA 0.1300000 0.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Red fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field V breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank M A 121 121 28.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.534700 -0.962500 -0.10690 0.0476480 means and se from Table 3 4.4600000 0.6200000 NA 1.5900000 0.4900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
17 KJM Goullaud 2018 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris N Common raven Corvus corax Bird N Field AV breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 during Blank M A 122 122 29.0 93.0 110 243 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning (biomass delivery, g/10 min) -1 1 -0.450200 -1.177600 -0.32290 0.0475420 means and se from Table 3 4.4600000 0.6200000 NA 0.5400000 0.1700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Eremophila_alpestris
18 KJM Dudek 2018 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y Bird B Field A breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 after NonPred both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 a 1 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.106200 -1.755700 -0.45670 0.1098060 mean+se from Figure 1 9.8300000 0.7000000 NA 6.2400000 0.7800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 22.490 NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
18 KJM Dudek 2018 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y Bird B Field A breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 after NonPred both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 a 1 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning feeds per visit -1 1 -1.343500 -2.013100 -0.67390 0.1672600 mean+se in main text 1.2700000 0.0400000 NA 0.8900000 0.0800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 29.020 NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
18 KJM Dudek 2018 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y Bird B Field A breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 after NonPred both J 8 17 8.5 8.5 b 2 Behaviour Intake Begging begging per hour -1 1 0.155500 -0.826000 1.13700 0.2507560 mean+se in main text 194.0000000 33.0000000 NA 210.0000000 44.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.330 NA NA NA NA 0.57 Melospiza_melodia
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field V breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank both A 80 80 40.0 40.0 107 244 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of forming a nest 1 -1 -4.808600 -5.974500 -3.64270 0.3538510 Table 1 3.3670000 0.0330000 NA 2.6390000 0.0330000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank both A 80 80 40.0 40.0 107 244 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of forming a nest 1 -1 0.000000 -0.584500 0.58450 0.0889330 Table 1 3.3670000 0.0330000 NA 3.3670000 0.0330000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during disturbance both A 80 80 40.0 40.0 107 244 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of forming a nest 1 -1 3.746600 2.796900 4.69620 0.2347810 Table 1 2.6390000 0.0460000 NA 3.3670000 0.0330000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field V breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 44 44 21.0 23.0 107 245a LifeHistory Phenology LayDate first egg day 1 1 0.118100 -0.473900 0.71020 0.0912560 Table 2 119.0000000 7.5000000 NA 124.4000000 12.3000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 45 45 22.0 23.0 107 245a LifeHistory Phenology LayDate first egg day 1 1 0.098700 -0.486100 0.68360 0.0890410 Table 2 119.0000000 4.5000000 NA 122.5000000 7.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during disturbance F A 47 47 22.0 25.0 107 245a LifeHistory Phenology LayDate first egg day 1 1 0.006600 -0.566300 0.57960 0.0854550 Table 2 122.2000000 10.7000000 NA 122.5000000 7.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field V breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 44 44 21.0 23.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.076100 -0.515700 0.66780 0.0911630 Table 2 4.5000000 1.6000000 NA 5.0000000 1.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 45 45 22.0 23.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.032000 -0.552500 0.61650 0.0889440 Table 2 4.5000000 1.6000000 NA 4.7000000 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during disturbance F A 47 47 22.0 25.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.092000 -0.481300 0.66520 0.0855450 Table 2 4.1000000 1.6000000 NA 4.7000000 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field V breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 44 44 21.0 23.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings nestlings -1 1 0.010900 -0.580700 0.60250 0.0910990 Table 2 3.1000000 2.0000000 NA 3.2000000 2.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during Blank F A 45 45 22.0 23.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings nestlings -1 1 0.044200 -0.540400 0.62870 0.0889540 Table 2 3.1000000 2.0000000 NA 3.5000000 1.9000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
22 KJM Blackwell 2021 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N black rat snake Pantherophis obsoletus Reptile N Field VM breeding among weeks 63.0000000 during disturbance F A 47 47 22.0 25.0 107 245 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings nestlings -1 1 0.011100 -0.561900 0.58400 0.0854560 Table 2 3.4000000 1.9000000 NA 3.5000000 1.9000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F A 29 29 15.0 14.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.755100 -1.508900 -0.00130 0.1479000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.7857143 NA 0.4258153 4.3333333 NA 0.7237469 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F A 30 30 16.0 14.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.763300 -1.506100 -0.02050 0.1436000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.7857143 NA 0.4258153 4.3750000 NA 0.6191392 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F A 34 34 20.0 14.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -1.073000 -1.802000 -0.34400 0.1384000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.7857143 NA 0.4258153 4.3000000 NA 0.4701623 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F N 27 27 14.0 13.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings ClutchMass -1 1 -0.633400 -1.407000 0.14010 0.1558000 means and sd from data in table S1 12.9655538 NA 1.9596183 11.7784357 NA 1.7914937 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F N 27 27 14.0 13.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings ClutchMass -1 1 -0.262600 -1.020700 0.49560 0.1496000 means and sd from data in table S1 12.9655538 NA 1.9596183 12.4955857 NA 1.6173305 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank F N 33 33 20.0 13.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings ClutchMass -1 1 -0.456100 -1.162900 0.25080 0.1301000 means and sd from data in table S1 12.9655538 NA 1.9596183 12.1190450 NA 1.7876954 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 24 24 14.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest -1 1 -0.679100 -1.513000 0.15480 0.1810000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.6000000 NA 0.5163978 4.0714286 NA 0.9168748 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 25 25 15.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest -1 1 -0.715900 -1.540300 0.10850 0.1769000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.6000000 NA 0.5163978 3.8666667 NA 1.2459458 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 28 28 18.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest -1 1 -1.080300 -1.903500 -0.25710 0.1764000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.6000000 NA 0.5163978 3.3888889 NA 1.3345583 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 20 20 10.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest14th -1 1 -0.118100 -0.995400 0.75920 0.2003000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.1000000 NA 0.7378648 4.0000000 NA 0.9428090 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 23 23 13.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest14th -1 1 -0.473700 -1.309400 0.36200 0.1818000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.1000000 NA 0.7378648 3.6153846 NA 1.1929279 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 28 28 18.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NHatchlingsPerNest14th -1 1 -0.661700 -1.453900 0.13050 0.1634000 means and sd from data in table S1 4.1000000 NA 0.7378648 3.3333333 NA 1.3284223 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both N 19 19 10.0 9.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Nestling mass day 14 -1 1 -0.189000 -1.091600 0.71350 0.2121000 means and sd from data in table S1 106.1866667 NA 17.3821101 102.1000000 NA 24.7823239 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both N 20 20 11.0 9.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Nestling mass day 14 -1 1 -0.432100 -1.323200 0.45890 0.2067000 means and sd from data in table S1 106.1866667 NA 17.3821101 94.0672727 NA 34.2643132 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both N 27 27 18.0 9.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Nestling mass day 14 -1 1 -0.571900 -1.386500 0.24270 0.1727000 means and sd from data in table S1 106.1866667 NA 17.3821101 87.2222222 NA 38.4039522 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 20 20 10.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NFledglingsPerNest -1 1 -0.920400 -1.842100 0.00140 0.2212000 means and sd from data in table S1 8.6000000 NA 0.5163978 7.0000000 NA 2.4037008 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 23 23 13.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NFledglingsPerNest -1 1 -0.772700 -1.626800 0.08140 0.1899000 means and sd from data in table S1 8.6000000 NA 0.5163978 7.5384615 NA 1.7614097 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 28 28 18.0 10.0 64 159 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NFledglingsPerNest -1 1 -1.665800 -2.553400 -0.77820 0.2051000 means and sd from data in table S1 8.6000000 NA 0.5163978 5.5555556 NA 2.2287486 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 12 12 7.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime IncubationLength 1 1 0.348900 -0.807200 1.50500 0.3479000 means and sd from data in table S1 16.8000000 NA 0.8366600 17.1428571 NA 1.0690450 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 12 12 7.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime IncubationLength 1 1 0.164400 -0.985100 1.31390 0.3440000 means and sd from data in table S1 16.8000000 NA 0.8366600 17.0000000 NA 1.4142136 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 14 14 9.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime IncubationLength 1 1 0.622800 -0.494500 1.74010 0.3250000 means and sd from data in table S1 16.8000000 NA 0.8366600 17.3333333 NA 0.8660254 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 8 8 3.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime NestlingLength 1 1 -0.558700 -2.016000 0.89860 0.5528000 means and sd from data in table S1 17.2000000 NA 1.0954451 16.6666667 NA 0.5773503 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime NestlingLength 1 1 -1.436400 -2.826600 -0.04610 0.5032000 means and sd from data in table S1 17.2000000 NA 1.0954451 15.8000000 NA 0.8366600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
26 JDAT Hua 2014 Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field A breeding among 79 days 79.0000000 during Blank both A 12 12 7.0 5.0 64 159 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime NestlingLength 1 1 -0.359800 -1.516400 0.79690 0.3482000 means and sd from data in table S1 17.2000000 NA 1.0954451 16.7142857 NA 1.4960265 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sialia_sialis
28 KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 124 124 62.0 62.0 112 246a LifeHistory Phenology LayDate laying date 1 1 0.139300 -0.213100 0.49180 0.0323000 means and sd in ESM 29.3200000 NA 4.8500000 30.0300000 NA 5.3300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
28 KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 124 124 62.0 62.0 112 246 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.045800 -0.306200 0.39790 0.0323000 means and sd in ESM 8.1400000 NA 1.8700000 8.2300000 NA 1.7300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.065 NA NA NA 0.888 Parus_major
28 KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 124 124 62.0 62.0 112 246 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass -1 1 0.283200 -0.070500 0.63700 0.0326000 means and sd in ESM 1.5800000 NA 0.1000000 1.6000000 NA 0.1300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.487 NA NA NA 0.116 Parus_major
29 JDAT Kullberg 1998 Willow tit Parus montanus N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab AVM non-breeding within 20 sec 0.0004630 after Blank both A 12 23 11.0 12.0 3 49 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProportionShelterForaging 1 1 0.047330 -0.356200 1.30270 0.1791110 Fig2a means and se 0.0152900 0.1133700 NA 0.1605100 0.0649700 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_montanus
29 JDAT Kullberg 1998 Willow tit Parus montanus N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 5 sec 0.0001157 after Blank both A 12 24 12.0 12.0 3 49 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProportionShelterForaging 1 1 0.813000 -0.196000 1.64550 0.1804360 Fig2a means and se 0.0152900 0.1133700 NA 0.2815300 0.0815300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_montanus
29 JDAT Kullberg 1998 Willow tit Parus montanus N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab AVM non-breeding within 20 sec 0.0004630 after Blank both A 12 23 11.0 12.0 3 50 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 0.012400 -0.805800 0.83050 0.1742460 fig 2b means and se 0.0237400 0.0392500 NA 0.0254200 0.0448600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_montanus
29 JDAT Kullberg 1998 Willow tit Parus montanus N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 5 sec 0.0001157 after Blank both A 12 24 12.0 12.0 3 50 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 0.937300 0.094300 1.78020 0.1849690 fig 2b means and se 0.0237400 0.0392500 NA 0.1319600 0.0297200 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_montanus
33 JDAT Peluc 2008 Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata N Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma californica Bird N Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 after Blank F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 40 122 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingHeight (lower = safer) 1 -1 -1.267200 -2.144000 -0.39040 0.2001200 Fig1 calculation in EXCEL 0.7399270 0.2489800 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
33 JDAT Peluc 2008 Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata N Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma californica Bird N Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 40 122 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingHeight (lower = safer) 1 -1 -1.275900 -2.153700 -0.39810 0.2005840 Fig1 calculation in EXCEL 1.0891770 0.3639860 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
33 JDAT/KJM Peluc 2008 Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata N Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma californica Bird N Field AV breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 40 123 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning PropChangeProvisioningRate (ground nests) -1 1 -1.863300 -3.036800 -0.68980 0.3584950 fig 3, means and se 0.0241000 0.1232000 NA -0.5563000 0.1120000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
33 JDAT/KJM Peluc 2008 Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata N Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma californica Bird N Field AV breeding within 45 min 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 40 123 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning PropChangeProvisioningRate (off ground nests) -1 1 -8.479400 -11.576400 -5.38230 2.4987200 fig 3, means and se -0.0319000 0.0481000 NA -0.9148000 0.0280000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NoffspringPerYear -1 1 -1.875700 -2.835800 -0.91560 0.2399630 Fig1A, raw data 5.9474000 0.3607000 NA 3.7301000 0.3607000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.905500 -1.745600 -0.06530 0.1837470 Fig1B, raw data 7.1025000 0.1941000 NA 6.5178000 0.1953000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings PropEggsNoHatched -1 -1 1.056300 0.202200 1.91040 0.1899110 Fig1C, raw data 0.0496720 0.0269420 NA 0.1434220 0.0265780 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings PropChicksDeadBeforeFledge -1 -1 0.997800 0.149300 1.84620 0.1874070 Fig1D, raw data 0.1253430 0.0548740 NA 0.3069310 0.0548740 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize EggMass -1 1 1.043800 0.190900 1.89670 0.1893670 Fig3A, raw data 2.7675000 0.0772000 NA 3.0315000 0.0753000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 103 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize BroodMass -1 1 -0.988900 -1.836600 -0.14130 0.1870420 Fig3B, raw data 44.7326000 1.6324000 NA 39.3283000 1.6628000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 104 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestlingTemp (as a proxy for incubation effort) -1 1 -1.099700 -1.958200 -0.24120 0.1918600 Fig3C, raw data 27.2222000 0.9445000 NA 23.8333000 0.9136000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 105 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance VegDensityNest 1 1 1.197300 0.328500 2.06620 0.1965340 Fig4A, raw data -0.4998900 0.2486130 NA 0.5087680 0.2592680 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 106 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance FlightDistance 1 -1 1.427900 0.531600 2.32420 0.2091430 Fig4B, raw data 111.3550000 23.2923000 NA 246.4054000 32.9227000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 107 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeOnNest -1 1 -0.647200 -1.468100 0.17360 0.1753940 Fig4C, raw data 18.5210000 0.9846000 NA 16.6451000 0.7469000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 107 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeOffNest -1 -1 0.279500 -0.524600 1.08350 0.1682940 Fig4C, raw data 7.9813000 0.7297000 NA 8.5835000 0.5583000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
35 JDAT Zanette 2011 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Y mixed B Field A breeding among 130 days 130.0000000 after NonPred F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 33 108 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -0.971400 -1.817400 -0.12540 0.1863250 Fig4D, raw data 10.8658000 1.0392000 NA 7.9086000 0.7779000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Melospiza_melodia
39 KJM Walters 2017 Brown-headed cowbird Malothrus mater Y Bird A Semi-natural AV breeding within 10 days 10.0000000 after NonPred both A 80 160 80.0 80.0 d 4 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) -1 1 0.280500 -0.030900 -0.59190 0.0252460 from Figure1a 45.2600000 0.2900000 NA 46.0600000 0.3600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.800 NA NA NA NA 0.003 Molothrus_ater
39 KJM Walters 2017 Brown-headed cowbird Malothrus mater Y Bird A Semi-natural AV breeding within 10 days 10.0000000 after NonPred both A 80 160 80.0 80.0 d 4 Physiology Condition Mass fat mass (g) -1 1 0.408800 0.095700 0.72200 0.0255220 from Figure1b 2.7900000 0.2100000 NA 3.7200000 0.2500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 15.100 NA NA NA NA 0.001 Molothrus_ater
39 KJM Walters 2017 Brown-headed cowbird Malothrus mater Y Bird A Semi-natural AV breeding within 10 days 10.0000000 after NonPred both A 80 160 80.0 80.0 d 4 Physiology Condition Mass lean mass (g) -1 1 -0.004800 -0.314700 0.30510 0.0250000 mean+se in main text 33.9600000 0.2200000 NA 33.9500000 0.2500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.100 NA NA NA NA 0.81 Molothrus_ater
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both N 78 78 43.0 35.0 101 186 Physiology Condition Growth Nestling mass growth days 2-8 -1 1 -0.032200 -0.478400 0.41400 0.0518000 Table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.03100 0.2240000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.020 NA NA NA NA 0.888 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both N 78 78 43.0 35.0 101 186 Physiology Condition Growth Nestling mass growth days 8-15 -1 1 -0.047800 -0.494000 0.39850 0.0518000 Table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.06400 0.3060000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.044 NA NA NA NA 0.834 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both N 78 78 43.0 35.0 101 186 Physiology Condition Growth nestling wing growth days 8-15 -1 1 0.007200 -0.439000 0.45340 0.0518000 Table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.01800 0.4910000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.001 NA NA NA NA 0.971 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both N 38 38 21.0 17.0 101 186 Physiology Condition Growth tarsus growth days 8-15 -1 1 -0.177100 -0.817800 0.46360 0.1069000 Figure 4, then tab 1 1.6284210 0.1868960 NA 1.4936840 0.1643390 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both N 41 41 22.0 19.0 101 186 Physiology Condition Growth tarsus growth days 8-15 -1 1 0.864500 0.222800 1.50620 0.1072000 Figure 4, then tab 1 1.0726320 0.8099780 NA 1.7252630 0.6851740 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 187 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation duration of incubation -1 -1 -0.246400 -0.694200 0.20150 0.0522000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.19900 0.1840000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.171 NA NA NA NA 0.311 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 189 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate laying date 1 1 -0.045000 -0.491200 0.40130 0.0518000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.28200 1.4200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.039 NA NA NA NA 0.848 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 190 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.113400 -0.333200 0.05599 0.0519000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.22700 0.4560000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.248 NA NA NA NA 0.632 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 190 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize mean egg mass -1 1 -0.268500 -0.716700 0.17970 0.0523000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.02900 0.0240000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.391 NA NA NA NA 0.272 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 191 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime hatching date (rearing since parental trait) 1 1 -0.046700 -0.492900 0.39960 0.0518000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.28700 1.4060000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.042 NA NA NA NA 0.843 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 78 78 43.0 35.0 102 191 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime FledgingAge 1 1 0.196200 -0.251000 0.64350 0.0521000 Table 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.33400 0.3880000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.743 NA NA NA NA 0.414 Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 22 22 11.0 11.0 102 192 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings fledging success -1 1 -0.209200 -1.047200 0.62890 0.1828120 fig 5, mp = n, np=n 5.4423080 0.9958790 NA 4.7884620 0.9811620 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 19 19 10.0 9.0 102 192 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings fledging success -1 1 0.065900 -0.834800 0.96670 0.2112260 fig 5 mp = p, np = n 4.0192310 1.0007850 NA 4.2115380 0.9909730 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 19 19 11.0 8.0 102 192 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings fledging success -1 1 0.694800 -0.242300 1.63200 0.2286150 fig 5 mp = n, np=p 2.9038460 1.0007850 NA 4.9423080 0.9860680 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
40 KJM Basso 2014 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 19 19 11.0 8.0 102 192 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings fledging success -1 1 0.000000 -0.910700 0.91070 0.2159090 fig 5 mp = p, np = p 3.8269230 0.9860680 NA 3.8269230 0.9958790 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
43 KJM Goldberg 2020 Soras Porzana carolina N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field A non-breeding among 2 weeks 14.0000000 during NonPred both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 109 247 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling: number of calls per hour 1 1 1.685200 0.064200 3.30620 0.6840000 chi-square NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.1520 NA NA 0.042 Porzana_carolina
45 JDAT Lilliendahl 1997 European greenfinch Chloris chloris N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 after disturbance both A 28 28 14.0 14.0 30a 97 Physiology Condition Mass BodyMass -1 1 -0.070300 -0.811300 0.67060 0.1429450 Table1 means and se Flock A 22.7600000 0.5000000 NA 27.6200000 0.6000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carduelis_chloris
45 JDAT Lilliendahl 1997 European greenfinch Chloris chloris N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 after disturbance both A 32 32 16.0 16.0 30b 97 Physiology Condition Mass BodyMass -1 1 -0.025800 -0.718800 0.66720 0.1250100 Table 1 means and se FlockB 27.7300000 0.5000000 NA 27.6800000 0.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carduelis_chloris
45 JDAT Lilliendahl 1997 European greenfinch Chloris chloris N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 after disturbance both A 28 28 14.0 14.0 30a 98 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyToResumeFeeding -1 -1 2.330100 1.370300 3.28990 0.2398130 Table1 means and se Flock A 89.7000000 23.5000000 NA 787.0000000 115.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carduelis_chloris
45 JDAT Lilliendahl 1997 European greenfinch Chloris chloris N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 2 days 2.0000000 after disturbance both A 32 32 16.0 16.0 30b 98 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyToResumeFeeding -1 -1 1.725100 0.913400 2.53680 0.1717000 Table 1 means and se FlockB 118.2000000 21.3000000 NA 950.6000000 174.9000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carduelis_chloris
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance both A 40 80 40.0 40.0 17 76 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResume -1 -1 1.375400 0.888000 1.86270 0.0618230 Table 2 22.3500000 1.0400000 NA 64.5500000 6.8700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance both A 40 80 40.0 40.0 17 76 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResumeNormalRate -1 -1 1.070300 0.601700 1.53890 0.0571600 Table 2 60.9000000 2.6200000 NA 151.6000000 19.0100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance F J 6 6 3.0 3.0 17 77 Physiology Condition Mass ResidualFatReserve -1 1 0.160400 -1.442500 1.76330 0.6688110 Fig1a 0.6644000 0.5461000 NA 0.7731000 0.4012000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance F A 19 19 8.0 11.0 17 77 Physiology Condition Mass ResidualFatReserve -1 1 -0.461400 -1.383900 0.46100 0.2215120 Fig1a 0.9724000 0.3598000 NA 0.4832000 0.3546000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance M J 16 16 7.0 9.0 17 77 Physiology Condition Mass ResidualFatReserve -1 1 -0.315500 -1.309200 0.67830 0.2570780 Fig1a 0.7627000 0.3417000 NA 0.4340000 0.4633000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
46 JDAT Gentle 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VG non-breeding within 3 weeks 21.0000000 after disturbance M A 28 28 12.0 16.0 17 77 Physiology Condition Mass ResidualFatReserve -1 1 -0.705700 -1.476600 0.06530 0.1547260 Fig1a 0.3201000 0.3934000 NA -0.5833000 0.2537000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
47 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 33 33 17.0 16.0 103 248 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: incubation effort (min/day) -1 1 0.258500 -0.427000 0.94400 0.1223360 means and se from text 449.6170000 10.7730000 NA 438.8500000 10.3380000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.904 NA NA NA NA 0.369 Parus_major
47 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 33 33 17.0 16.0 103 248 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: incubation effort (min/night) -1 1 0.786800 0.078300 1.49540 0.1307000 F statistic and sample size from text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1229.28700 544.1900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.103 NA NA NA NA 0.032 Parus_major
47 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred M A 33 33 17.0 16.0 103 248 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation foraging: incubation feedig of female -1 1 -0.110800 -0.794000 0.57240 0.1215000 means and se from text 1.1630000 1.3790000 NA 0.4820000 1.7040000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.417 NA NA NA NA NA 0.157 Parus_major
47 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 33 33 17.0 16.0 103 249 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass -1 1 0.356300 -0.331800 1.04440 0.1232470 means and se from text 11.7230000 0.5310000 NA 12.4080000 0.4470000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.967 NA NA NA NA 0.354 Parus_major
47 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 33 33 17.0 16.0 103 249 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings brood size -1 1 0.190800 -0.493500 0.87500 0.1219000 F statistic and sample size from text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.300 NA NA NA NA 0.599 Parus_major
48 KJM Dillon 2018 Red-faced warbler Cardellina rubrifrons N Cliff chipmunk Tamias dorsalis Mammal N Field L breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred F A 83 83 39.0 44.0 c 3 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 -0.070700 -0.504200 0.36290 0.0489270 raw data extracted from Figure 2 4.4100000 NA 0.6200000 4.0800000 NA 0.6600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA pooled supplemented and non-supplemented since no effect of supplementation Cardellina_rubrifrons
53 JDAT Ruuskanen 2017 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Stoat Mustela erminea Mammal N Field OV breeding among 11 days 11.0000000 during disturbance F A 32 32 16.0 16.0 37 115 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate LayingDate 1 1 -0.101300 -0.794700 0.59210 0.1251600 Table 1, means and se from control & predator only 25.4000000 0.5900000 NA 25.1800000 0.5300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
53 JDAT Ruuskanen 2017 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Stoat Mustela erminea Mammal N Field OV breeding among 11 days 11.0000000 during disturbance F A 32 32 16.0 16.0 37 116 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.078800 -0.772100 0.61440 0.1250970 Table 1, means and se from control & predator only 6.7000000 0.6600000 NA 6.5000000 0.6500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
53 JDAT Ruuskanen 2017 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Stoat Mustela erminea Mammal N Field OV breeding among 11 days 11.0000000 during disturbance both E 32 32 16.0 16.0 37 116 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize EggMass -1 1 -0.489900 -1.193200 0.21340 0.1275000 Table 1, means and se from control & predator only 1.6900000 0.0600000 NA 1.6000000 0.0300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
53 JDAT Ruuskanen 2017 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Stoat Mustela erminea Mammal N Field OV breeding among 11 days 11.0000000 during disturbance F A 32 32 16.0 16.0 37 117 Physiology Condition Mass FemaleBodyMass -1 1 0.100400 -0.593000 0.79380 0.1251580 Table 1, means and se from control & predator only 14.0000000 0.1800000 NA 14.0700000 0.1800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
56 KJM Exposito-Granados 2016 European roller Coracias garrulus N ladder snake Zamenis scalaris Reptile N Field V breeding within 90 minutes 0.1250000 during Blank M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 137 306 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning probablity of provisioning -1 1 1.543100 0.160400 2.92590 0.4977340 raw data in results 0.3333333 NA NA 0.8888889 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.049 Coracias_garrulus
56 KJM Exposito-Granados 2016 European roller Coracias garrulus N ladder snake Zamenis scalaris Reptile N Field V breeding within 90 minutes 0.1250000 during Blank F A 9 18 9.0 9.0 137 306 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning probability of provisioning -1 1 0.000000 -1.083300 1.08330 0.3055060 raw data in results 0.6666667 NA NA 0.6666667 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.69 Coracias_garrulus
56 KJM Exposito-Granados 2016 European roller Coracias garrulus N ladder snake Zamenis scalaris Reptile N Field V breeding within 90 minutes 0.1250000 during Blank M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 137 306 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 0.541500 NA NA NA figure 1 0.8047371 NA 2.1116628 1.7510110 NA 1.2839760 0.0000000 0.0000000 2.4142114 1.5043328 1.1403813 2.608319 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Coracias_garrulus
56 KJM Exposito-Granados 2016 European roller Coracias garrulus N ladder snake Zamenis scalaris Reptile N Field V breeding within 90 minutes 0.1250000 during Blank F A 9 18 9.0 9.0 137 306 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 -0.100000 NA NA NA figure 1 0.8411323 NA 1.6341511 0.6995956 NA 1.1566394 0.6065858 0.0242634 1.8925477 0.7521664 0.0121317 1.334489 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Coracias_garrulus
56 KJM Exposito-Granados 2016 European roller Coracias garrulus N ladder snake Zamenis scalaris Reptile N Field V breeding within 90 minutes 0.1250000 during Blank both N 18 36 18.0 18.0 137 307 Physiology Condition Growth rate of mass gain -1 1 -0.731600 NA NA NA figure 2 3.0620160 NA 5.4254130 -0.9069767 NA 6.4356621 2.2093023 0.1162791 6.8604651 -1.6511628 -4.5348837 3.465116 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.020 NA NA NA NA NA 0.04 Coracias_garrulus
60 KJM Coslovsky 2011 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 46 46 25.0 21.0 111 250 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings brood size at hatching -1 1 -0.068800 -0.649200 0.51150 0.0877000 means and sd, Table1 7.0400000 NA 1.4200000 7.0400000 NA 1.4800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
60 KJM Coslovsky 2011 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 46 46 25.0 21.0 111 251 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize mean egg mass -1 1 -0.286600 -0.869700 0.29650 0.0885000 means and sd, Table1 1.6000000 NA 0.1100000 1.5700000 NA 0.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
60 KJM Coslovsky 2011 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 after NonPred F A 46 46 25.0 21.0 111 252 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning feeding rate (events/hr) -1 1 -0.100800 -0.676200 0.47460 0.0862000 means and sd, Table1 19.6000000 NA 9.3900000 18.8300000 NA 5.8800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred F A 114 114 56.0 58.0 122 253 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate laying date 1 1 -0.161100 -0.528900 0.20670 0.0352000 t statistic, table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.18000 1.3200000 NA NA NA NA -0.86 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.79 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred F A 114 114 56.0 58.0 122 254 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.045000 -0.322300 0.41220 0.0351000 t statistic, table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.08000 0.3500000 NA NA NA NA 0.24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.99 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred both N 93 93 51.0 42.0 122 255 Physiology Condition Mass body mass (g) -1 1 -0.068800 -0.477300 0.33980 0.0434000 t statistic, table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.05000 0.1400000 NA NA NA NA -0.33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.98 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred F A 87 87 46.0 41.0 122 256 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation hours incubating per day -1 1 -0.113800 -0.535100 0.30750 0.0462000 t statistic, table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.12000 0.2400000 NA NA NA NA -0.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.94 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred M A 83 83 47.0 36.0 122 257 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation incubation feeds to female -1 1 0.516100 0.074900 0.95720 0.0507000 t statistic, table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.97000 2.1400000 NA NA NA NA 2.33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.068 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred F A 91 91 50.0 41.0 122 258 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 0.261300 -0.153400 0.67590 0.0448000 t statistic, table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 14.29000 11.5300000 NA NA NA NA 1.24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.54 Parus_caeruleus
61 KJM Santema 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field A breeding among 68 days 68.0000000 during NonPred M A 89 89 49.0 40.0 122 258 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 0.722400 0.291500 1.15330 0.0483000 t statistic, table 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 37.54000 11.0800000 NA NA NA NA 3.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.003 Parus_caeruleus
72 KJM Grade 2021 House wren Troglodytes aedon Y Bird A Field A breeding among 16 days 16.0000000 during NonPred both A 288 288 144.0 144.0 113 259 Physiology Condition Growth nestling body mass on day 12 (measure of parental investment) -1 1 -0.438400 -0.672100 -0.20470 0.0142000 text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -3.72 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.01 Troglodytes_aedon
80 KJM Sternalski 2010 Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus N fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal A Field V non-breeding among 15 minutes 0.0208333 during NonPred both A 83 83 66.0 17.0 122 228 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing mobbing call to recruit conspecifics 1 1 0.161900 -0.371700 0.69560 0.0741330 Fig 2b. Far. ES calculator 36.4312300 17.4721200 NA 52.0446100 12.6394100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Circus_aeruginosus
80 KJM Sternalski 2010 Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus N fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal A Field V non-breeding among 15 minutes 0.0208333 during NonPred both A 83 83 66.0 17.0 122 228 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing mobbing call to recruit conspecifics 1 1 0.729700 0.185200 1.27420 0.0771830 Fig 2b. Near. ES calcular 33.4572500 14.8698900 NA 89.5910800 3.3457250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Circus_aeruginosus
80 KJM Sternalski 2010 Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus N fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal A Field V non-breeding among 15 minutes 0.0208333 during NonPred both A 83 83 66.0 17.0 122 228 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing recruitment of conspecifics 1 1 0.225900 -0.308300 0.76010 0.0742820 Fig 2c, Far. ES calculator 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 23.0483300 14.1263900 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Circus_aeruginosus
80 KJM Sternalski 2010 Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus N fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal A Field V non-breeding among 15 minutes 0.0208333 during NonPred both A 83 83 66.0 17.0 122 228 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing recruitment of conspecifics 1 1 0.954700 0.402200 1.50720 0.0794650 Fig 2c. Near. ES calculator 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 48.6988800 7.0631970 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Circus_aeruginosus
84 KJM Grunst 2014 Yellow warbler Setophaga petechia N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding within 1.5 hours 0.1250000 after NonPred M A 45 90 45.0 45.0 117 220 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -2.041900 -2.551500 -1.53230 0.0676080 means and se from figure 1 7.1473680 0.3947370 NA 2.3631580 0.3061220 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dendroica_petechia
84 KJM Grunst 2014 Yellow warbler Setophaga petechia N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding within 1.5 hours 0.1250000 after Blank M A 45 90 45.0 45.0 117 220 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.946400 -2.448000 -1.44490 0.0654920 means and se from figure 1 6.8789470 0.2980670 NA 2.3631580 0.3061220 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dendroica_petechia
84 KJM Grunst 2014 Yellow warbler Setophaga petechia N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding within 1.5 hours 0.1250000 after NonPred F A 45 90 45.0 45.0 117 220 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.396700 -1.857500 -0.93580 0.0552810 means and se from figure 1 5.8368420 0.3244720 NA 2.4894740 0.1347430 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dendroica_petechia
84 KJM Grunst 2014 Yellow warbler Setophaga petechia N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding within 1.5 hours 0.1250000 after Blank F A 45 90 45.0 45.0 117 220 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.527800 -1.997400 -1.05810 0.0574120 means and se from figure 1 5.9000000 0.3481920 NA 2.4894740 0.1347430 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Dendroica_petechia
85 JDAT Lange 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 20 min 0.0277778 after Blank M J 9 18 9.0 9.0 20 80 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 1.691300 0.614800 2.27679 0.0784000 Fig1, 0-5 min interval (first period after treatment) 0.9160000 0.1188000 NA 1.4070000 0.0834000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
85 JDAT Lange 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 20 min 0.0277778 after Blank M J 9 18 9.0 9.0 20 80 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance LongInterscanInterval 1 -1 -1.402800 -2.434100 -0.37150 0.2768850 Fig2 13.4291000 4.0754000 NA 1.6876000 0.9515000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.50 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.033 Parus_major
85 JDAT Lange 2001 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 20 min 0.0277778 after Blank M J 9 18 9.0 9.0 20 82 Behaviour Intake Foraging TimeEating -1 1 -0.436000 -1.370800 0.49890 0.2275020 Text 220.6000000 19.0000000 NA 188.6000000 31.4000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 18.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA >0.5 Parus_major
89 JDAT Hakkarainen 2001 Boreal owl Aegolius funereus N American Mink Mustela vision Mammal N Field L breeding among 1 day 1.0000000 after Blank both J 23 23 15.0 8.0 18 78 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime FledgingAge 1 1 -0.365200 -1.229800 0.49930 0.1946000 Table 1 means and se 2.2500000 NA 1.9800000 1.6700000 NA 1.3500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.84 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.41 Aegolius_funereus
89 JDAT Hakkarainen 2001 Boreal owl Aegolius funereus N American Mink Mustela vision Mammal N Field L breeding among 1 day 1.0000000 after Blank both J 23 23 15.0 8.0 18 79 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of using the same nestbox the following year 1 -1 -1.370000 -2.494700 -0.24530 0.3292940 proportions in text 0.7500000 NA NA 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 Aegolius_funereus
89 JDAT Hakkarainen 2001 Boreal owl Aegolius funereus N American Mink Mustela vision Mammal N Field L breeding among 1 day 1.0000000 after Blank both J 23 23 15.0 8.0 18 79 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance BreedingDispersal 1 1 0.958500 0.056900 1.89020 0.2116400 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.04 Aegolius_funereus
92 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2011 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after Blank both N 90 360 90.0 90.0 63 157 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone CorticosteronLevel 1 1 -0.266400 -0.559800 0.02710 0.0224190 Fig1 6.5514000 0.8125000 NA 4.6154000 5.3414000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.640 NA NA NA NA 0.04 Turdus_merula
92 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2011 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after Blank both N 90 360 90.0 90.0 63 157 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone CorticosteronMaxLevel 1 1 0.073000 -0.219300 0.36520 0.0222370 Fig1 16.9404000 1.8841000 NA 18.2195000 1.8324000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.440 NA NA NA NA 0.52 Turdus_merula
97 KJM Niederhauser 2014 Florida scrub-jay Aphelocoma coerulescents Y mixed B Field V breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 after Blank F A 24 24 12.0 12.0 135 260 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: PCA of proportion time at the nest and frequency of on- and off-bouts by female (overall) -1 1 1.176200 0.309600 2.04270 0.1955000 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.300 NA NA NA NA 0.007 Aphelocoma_coerulescens
97 KJM Niederhauser 2014 Florida scrub-jay Aphelocoma coerulescents Y mixed B Field V breeding among 2 days 2.0000000 after Blank both N 24 24 12.0 12.0 135 261 Behaviour Intake Begging begging rate -1 1 -0.451900 -1.262200 0.35840 0.1709220 means and se pulled from Figure 2 4.6126370 0.1135234 NA 4.6901100 0.1766090 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Aphelocoma_coerulescens
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 45 90 45.0 45.0 110 206 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance habitat choice: time out of refuge 1 -1 0.130000 -0.455000 0.71490 0.0891000 ES Tab 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.190 NA NA NA NA 0.663 Carpodacus_mexicanus
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 45 90 45.0 45.0 110 207 Behaviour Intake Foraging foraging: pecking rate -1 1 0.326600 0.261600 0.91480 0.0901000 ES Tab 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.200 NA NA NA NA 0.279 Carpodacus_mexicanus
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 18 36 18.0 18.0 110 208 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance: log scanning rae 1 1 0.122900 -0.531000 0.77690 0.1132100 Figure 2a, shade 2.2844830 0.1400860 NA 2.3560230 0.1421820 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 27 54 27.0 27.0 110 208 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance: log scanning rae 1 1 -0.637700 -1.184500 -0.09090 0.0778400 figure 2a, sunlight 2.3560230 0.1197320 NA 1.9668400 0.1197320 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 18 36 18.0 18.0 110 208 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance: log scan bout duration 1 1 0.200700 -0.454300 0.85570 0.1116710 figure 2b, shade 7.7340220 0.0947660 NA 7.8133610 0.0969700 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
104 KJM Fernandez-Juricic 2007 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus Bird A Semi-natural V non-breeding among seconds 0.0002315 after Blank both A 27 54 27.0 27.0 110 208 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance: log scan bout duration 1 1 0.069200 -0.464400 0.60280 0.0741180 figure2b, sunlight 7.4585400 0.0749310 NA 7.4849860 0.0749310 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 7.0 5.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PercentTimeSpendAlert 1 1 1.170320 0.368500 3.03790 0.4637000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2a, small patch 0.8000000 NA 10.0885900 28.9334000 NA 19.6695700 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 5.0 7.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PercentTimeSpendAlert 1 1 0.902600 -0.300500 2.10570 0.3768000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2a, large patch center -6.2667000 NA 15.5938000 10.0000000 NA 21.1493000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PercentTimeSpendAlert 1 1 1.511700 0.228600 2.79470 0.4285000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2a, large patch edge -2.8000000 NA 16.4112600 24.6660000 NA 19.7719200 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 7.0 5.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 1.004300 -0.211600 2.22020 0.3849000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2b, small patch -0.0026900 NA 0.2597240 0.2147650 NA 0.1821200 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 5.0 7.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 0.462400 -0.700100 1.62480 0.3518000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2b, large patch center -0.0396000 NA 0.1859800 0.0516780 NA 0.2134250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 45 128 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 -0.020100 -1.151700 1.11150 0.3334000 mean gain + SD extracted from figure 2b, large patch edge -0.0140900 NA 0.2174070 -0.0181200 NA 0.1820250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ramphocelus_costaricensis
106 JDAT Morrison 2011 Cherrie's tanager Ramphocelus costaricensis N Barred Forest-falcon Micrastur rufficolis Bird A Field A breeding among 10 sec 0.0002315 after NonPred both A 36 36 18.0 18.0 45 129 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance LatencyToFlee 1 -1 -0.427200 -1.087900 0.23350 0.1136460 means and se. in text 50.9000000 16.6000000 NA 27.5000000 8.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.660 NA NA NA NA 0.02 Ramphocelus_costaricensis
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred M A 11 22 11.0 11.0 24 86 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Average number of incubation feeds by male -1 1 -0.835600 -1.707100 0.03580 0.1976880 Fig2a 1.1775000 1.2803860 NA -2.1893000 1.2677790 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 39.960 NA NA NA NA Sitta_pygmaea
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred M A 13 26 13.0 13.0 25 87 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Average number of incubation feeds by male -1 1 -0.933200 -1.742700 -0.12370 0.1705930 Fig2b -0.5268000 1.1174750 NA -4.1532000 1.1261380 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 39.960 NA NA NA NA Sitta_canadensis
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred M A 11 22 11.0 11.0 26 88 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Average number of incubation feeds by male -1 1 -1.571600 -2.527700 -0.61550 0.2379520 Fig2c -1.2621000 1.0211710 NA -6.3743000 1.0360810 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 39.960 NA NA NA NA Sitta_carolinensis
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Mountain chickadee Poecile gambeli N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred M A 8 16 8.0 8.0 27 89 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Average number of incubation feeds by male -1 1 -4.805800 -6.737800 -2.87370 0.9717270 Fig2d -2.4861000 0.4718350 NA -8.6111000 0.4914080 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 39.960 NA NA NA NA Parus_gambeli
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Brown creeper Certhia americana N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 28 90 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Average number of incubation feeds by male -1 1 -2.090000 -3.238800 -0.94120 0.3435610 Fig2e 0.2515000 0.3598710 NA -1.8758000 0.3598470 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 39.960 NA NA NA NA Certhia_americana
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 11 22 11.0 11.0 24 91 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation proportion of time incubating by female -1 1 -0.254900 -1.094100 0.58420 0.1832950 Fig3a 0.0189830 0.0224260 NA 0.0009040 0.0224250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.990 NA NA NA NA 0.17 Sitta_pygmaea
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 25 92 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation proportion of time incubating by female -1 1 0.323200 -0.450600 1.09690 0.1558540 Fig3b -0.0029700 0.0097880 NA 0.0080450 0.0098830 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.990 NA NA NA NA 0.17 Sitta_canadensis
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 11 22 11.0 11.0 26 93 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation proportion of time incubating by female -1 1 0.719300 -0.143000 1.58170 0.1935780 Fig3c -0.0291100 0.0095920 NA -0.0071100 0.0097480 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.990 NA NA NA NA 0.17 Sitta_carolinensis
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Mountain chickadee Poecile gambeli N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 8 16 8.0 8.0 27 94 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation proportion of time incubating by female -1 1 -0.228500 -1.211700 0.75470 0.2516320 Fig3d 0.0070100 0.0266650 NA -0.0091100 0.0266650 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.990 NA NA NA NA 0.17 Parus_gambeli
107 JDAT Ghalambor 2002 Brown creeper Certhia americana N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field AVM breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 9 18 9.0 9.0 28 95 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation proportion of time incubating by female -1 1 1.961200 0.836900 3.08550 0.3290620 Fig3e -0.0110300 0.0140230 NA 0.0066760 0.0140250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.990 NA NA NA NA 0.17 Certhia_americana
108 KJM Trnka 2022 House sparrow Passer domesticus N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 during Blank both A 83 1677 83.0 83.0 128 238 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to resume feeding -1 -1 0.132200 -0.172400 0.43680 0.0241490 Table 2, ES calculator 9.7000000 7.4375000 NA 335.5000000 384.8750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Passer_domesticus
108 KJM Trnka 2022 House sparrow Passer domesticus N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 during Blank both A 83 1677 83.0 83.0 128 239 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity proportion of flock active -1 1 -0.816400 -1.133000 -0.49970 0.0261040 Table 2, ES calculator 0.8400000 0.1062500 NA 0.1100000 0.0906250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Passer_domesticus
108 KJM Trnka 2022 House sparrow Passer domesticus N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 83 1677 83.0 83.0 128 238 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to resume feeding -1 -1 0.134000 -0.170600 0.43860 0.0242000 Table 2, ES calculator 12.2000000 10.1562500 NA 335.5000000 384.8750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA behaviour analyzed at the level of the flock. Used total number of flocks as conservative N Passer_domesticus
108 KJM Trnka 2022 House sparrow Passer domesticus N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 83 1677 83.0 83.0 128 239 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity proportion of flock active -1 1 -0.902300 -1.221700 -0.58300 0.0265000 Table 2, ES calculator 0.8600000 0.0968750 NA 0.1100000 0.0906250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Passer_domesticus
114 KJM Stelbrink 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Y mixed B Field A breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 30 30 15.0 15.0 129 262 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement probability 1 -1 0.000000 -0.715700 0.71570 0.1333000 direct from text : means and sd. 0.6700000 NA 0.4900000 0.6700000 NA 0.4900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
114 KJM Stelbrink 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Y mixed B Field A breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 30 30 15.0 15.0 129 262 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance number of territories 1 -1 0.000000 -0.715700 0.71570 0.1333000 direct from text : means and sd. 0.9000000 NA 0.8000000 0.9000000 NA 0.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
114 KJM Stelbrink 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Y mixed B Field A breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred F A 15 15 8.0 6.0 129 263 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize mean clutch size -1 1 0.671300 -0.416000 1.75860 0.3077610 means and se extracted from Figure 4, ES calculator 5.7963801 0.3070459 NA 6.2398190 0.2424047 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
114 KJM Stelbrink 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Y mixed B Field A breeding among 3 months 90.0000000 after NonPred both A 19 19 12.0 7.0 129 263 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings mean number of fledglings -1 1 -0.329400 -1.394900 0.73610 0.2955410 means and se extracted from Figure 4, ES calculator 3.7121212 1.1228355 NA 2.9299242 0.8590368 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
121 JDAT Emmering 2011 Veery Catharus fuscescens N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding among 6 weeks 42.0000000 after Blank both A 70 70 27.0 43.0 80 164 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingDistanceFrom playback 1 1 0.367500 -0.117600 0.85260 0.0612580 Fig1 and result section 41.0844000 3.7666000 NA 50.4139000 5.2732000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Catharus_fuscescens
121 JDAT Emmering 2011 Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding among 6 weeks 42.0000000 after Blank both A 32 32 15.0 17.0 79 164 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingDistanceFrom playback 1 1 0.936000 0.204800 1.66720 0.1391780 Fig1 and result section 37.7235000 6.1424000 NA 57.7732000 4.5778000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Seiurus_aurocapilla
144 KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 44 44 22.0 22.0 110 265 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize Egg mass -1 1 0.302100 -0.292200 0.89640 0.0919000 F statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.004 NA NA NA NA 0.319 Parus_major
144 KJM Coslovsky 2012 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 during NonPred F A 44 44 22.0 22.0 110 265 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 -0.173000 -0.765500 0.41860 0.0913000 F statistic 8.9000000 NA 1.3000000 8.7000000 NA 1.6000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.331 NA NA NA NA 0.568 Parus_major
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field A non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to resume feeding -1 -1 0.081200 -0.230800 0.39320 0.0253370 Table 1 6.4900000 0.2117347 NA 6.6400000 0.2066327 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field V non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to resume feeding -1 -1 0.573700 0.255500 0.89190 0.0263580 Table 1 6.4900000 0.2117347 NA 7.5500000 0.9719388 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field AV non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to resume feeding -1 -1 0.502700 0.185900 0.81940 0.0261160 Table 1 6.4900000 0.2117347 NA 7.4300000 0.2117347 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field A non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging feeding rate -1 1 -0.307400 -0.621000 0.00630 0.0256150 Table 1 19.6100000 1.1862245 NA 16.3700000 1.1862245 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field V non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging feeding rate -1 1 -0.238900 -0.551900 0.07410 0.0254970 Table 1 19.6100000 1.1862245 NA 17.1100000 1.1836735 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
145 KJM Arteaga-Torres 2020 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field AV non-breeding within months 90.0000000 after disturbance both A 79 951 79.0 79.0 136 266 Behaviour Intake Foraging feeding rate -1 1 -0.235100 -0.548000 0.07790 0.0254910 Table 1 19.6100000 1.1862245 NA 17.1100000 1.2219388 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA there were signicant interactions in models, but all variables centered so that estimate is for average sex and average temperature Parus_atricapillus
147 JDAT Parejo 2011 Little owl Athene noctua N Spanish Montpellier snake Malpolon monspessulanus Reptile N Field V breeding within 15 days 15.0000000 after disturbance both E 36 66 14.0 41.0 41 60 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize EggVolume -1 1 1.487500 0.820100 2.15480 0.1159340 Results section, means and s.e. 13.0000000 0.1300000 NA 14.2000000 0.2100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Athene_noctua
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 138 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 -0.189400 -1.793300 1.41450 0.6696560 figure 3, patch 5 4.0220000 0.4615000 NA 3.9121000 0.3516000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 138 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 0.306400 -1.303300 1.91600 0.6744890 figure 3, patch 5 4.0220000 0.4615000 NA 4.1758000 0.1978000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 139 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 3.392000 0.893200 5.89090 1.6254800 figure 3, patch 6 4.3736000 0.3156000 NA 5.7582000 0.2589000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 139 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 5.743300 2.121100 9.36550 3.4154410 figure 3, patch 6 4.3736000 0.3156000 NA 7.2967000 0.3993000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 140 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 14.514400 6.147800 22.88110 18.2224290 figure 3, patch 7 4.2637000 0.2144000 NA 8.3297000 0.1803000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 140 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 10.387600 4.296400 16.47880 9.6585520 figure 3, patch 7 4.2637000 0.2144000 NA 8.1758000 0.0543000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 141 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 13.316800 5.614200 21.01940 15.4446840 figure 3, patch 8 4.3077000 0.1959000 NA 8.3077000 0.2277000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 141 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 10.554500 4.372100 16.73690 9.9497990 figure 3, patch 8 4.3077000 0.1959000 NA 8.1978000 0.3122000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 142 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 6.207300 2.347900 10.06680 3.8775960 figure 3, patch 9 4.3297000 0.2884000 NA 7.1429000 0.3496000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 142 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 3.995200 1.225600 6.76490 1.9968330 figure 3, patch 9 4.3297000 0.2884000 NA 6.4396000 0.4424000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 143 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 1.311300 -0.452600 3.07520 0.8099630 figure 3, patch 10 3.8242000 0.1706000 NA 4.7473000 0.6832000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 143 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 3.298500 0.840100 5.75690 1.5733360 figure 3, patch 10 3.8242000 0.1706000 NA 5.8681000 0.5957000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field V non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 144 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 0.545800 -1.084000 2.17570 0.6914950 figure 3, patch 11 4.0000000 0.5672000 NA 4.5495000 0.8317000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
150 KJM Tang 2013 Peaceful dove Geopelia striata N Eastern brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Reptile B Field AV non-breeding within 50 minutes 0.0694444 during disturbance both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 144 139 Behaviour Intake Foraging giving up density (GUD, grams) -1 -1 -0.495900 -2.120600 1.12880 0.6871590 figure 3, patch 11 4.0000000 0.5672000 NA 3.6923000 0.2516000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Geopelia_striata
169 KJM Santema 2020 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 126 126 62.0 64.0 119 268 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity latency to emerge from nestbox -1 -1 0.426900 0.073700 0.78010 0.0325000 z statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 21.18000 3.6900000 NA NA NA NA NA 5.740 NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
169 KJM Santema 2020 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 126 126 62.0 64.0 119 271 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance latency to return to nestbox 1 -1 0.293300 -0.057800 0.64450 0.0321000 z statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.13000 0.4200000 NA NA NA NA NA 2.710 NA NA NA NA NA 0.009 Parus_caeruleus
169 KJM Santema 2020 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 126 126 62.0 64.0 119 269 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate first egg day 1 1 0.178200 -0.171800 0.52910 0.0319000 z statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.59000 0.5800000 NA NA NA NA NA 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA 0.32 Parus_caeruleus
169 KJM Santema 2020 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among days 2.0000000 during NonPred F A 126 126 62.0 64.0 119 270 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 -0.149100 -0.498800 0.20070 0.0318000 z statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.21000 0.3000000 NA NA NA NA NA -0.700 NA NA NA NA NA 0.49 Parus_caeruleus
169 KJM Santema 2020 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among days 2.0000000 during NonPred M A 126 126 62.0 64.0 119 271 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probility of visiting nestbox within an hour of treatment 1 -1 -0.284000 -0.635000 0.06700 0.0321000 z statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.51000 0.5900000 NA NA NA NA NA -2.540 NA NA NA NA NA 0.011 Parus_caeruleus
181 JDAT Amo 2015 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N Common Opossum Didelphis marsupialis Mammal N Lab O non-breeding among 5 min 0.0083333 after NonPred both A 20 20 10.0 10.0 6 58 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance AvoidingTreatmentChamber 1 1 1.231400 0.097500 2.36540 0.3347220 counts from Fig 2 0.3000000 NA NA 0.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -2.130 NA NA NA NA NA 0.03 Carpodacus_mexicanus
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after NonPred both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: number of territories 1 -1 -4.158000 -6.361900 -1.95400 1.2644300 Fig 2, Yr1, ES calculator 3.3991031 0.2287911 NA 1.3991031 0.2516702 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after NonPred both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: number of territories 1 -1 -0.013200 -1.252800 1.22640 0.4000090 Fig2, Yr2, ES calculator 1.2017937 0.1921845 NA 1.1928251 0.4392789 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after Blank both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: number of territories 1 -1 -4.508500 -6.841000 -2.17590 1.4163240 Fig 2, Yr 1, ES calculator 3.5874439 0.2333669 NA 1.3991031 0.2516702 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after Blank both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: number of territories 1 -1 0.261000 -0.983900 1.50580 0.4034050 Fig2, Yr2, ES calculator 0.9775785 0.3843690 NA 1.1928251 0.4392789 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after NonPred both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: timing (date) 1 1 2.804900 1.059100 4.55060 0.7933620 fig 3 Yr1, es calculator 18.7752809 1.0318734 NA 27.0449438 1.8115111 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after NonPred both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: timing (date) 1 1 0.713500 -0.565000 1.99190 0.4245200 Fig3, Yr2, ES calculator 28.8426966 1.0089429 NA 30.7752809 1.6280670 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after Blank both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: timing (date) 1 1 2.792300 1.050400 4.53420 0.7898460 fig 3 Yr1, es calculator 17.4269663 1.6280670 NA 27.0449438 1.8115111 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
184 KJM Szymkowiak 2019 Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field A breeding among 2 months 60.0000000 after Blank both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 123 229 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: timing (date) 1 1 0.265900 -0.979100 1.51100 0.4035360 Fig3, Yr2, ES calculator 30.0112360 1.2153176 NA 30.7752809 1.6280670 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Phylloscopus_sibilatrix
185 KJM Kobiela 2015 Zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata Y Bird A Lab AV non-breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 during Blank F A 39 39 39.0 39.0 130 272 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to forage after lights on -1 -1 0.670500 0.214400 1.12670 0.0541640 means and se from text 22.3000000 3.5000000 NA 37.4000000 3.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA moderate risk treatment = control (i.e., the same as predator presation minus the cues of predation). Low risk = different context (cover location). Taeniopygia_guttata
185 KJM Kobiela 2015 Zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata Y Bird A Lab AV non-breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 during Blank F A 39 39 39.0 39.0 130 273 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance proportion of time spend in protective cover 1 1 1.017400 0.350400 1.68450 0.1158360 eS calculator, t-test 53.5000000 5.3000000 NA 61.7000000 4.3000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.21 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.003 moderate risk treatment = control (i.e., the same as predator presation minus the cues of predation). Low risk = different context (cover location). Taeniopygia_guttata
185 KJM Kobiela 2015 Zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata Y Bird A Lab AV non-breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 during Blank F A 39 39 39.0 39.0 130 274 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance proportion of time vigilant 1 1 0.054500 -0.389400 0.49850 0.0513010 means and SE from figure 3d, ES calculator 74.7148300 16.7319800 NA 80.1013900 15.2770200 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA moderate risk treatment = control (i.e., the same as predator presation minus the cues of predation). Low risk = different context (cover location). Taeniopygia_guttata
186 JDAT Lind 2005 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after NonPred both A 20 40 20.0 20.0 54 144 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing NMobbingCalls 1 1 1.454000 0.757100 2.15090 0.1264270 Results Section 0.0000000 0.1020408 NA 9.5000000 2.1173469 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.700 NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
186 JDAT Lind 2005 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after NonPred both A 20 40 20.0 20.0 54 145 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResumefeeding -1 -1 0.589800 -0.043300 1.22290 0.1043480 Results Section 102.5000000 70.8673469 NA 271.0000000 59.7448980 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.500 NA NA NA NA NA 0.01 Parus_major
192 KJM Noguera-JEB 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis NS NS Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both E 71 71 36.0 35.0 113 214 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime development rate: time to hatching 1 1 0.376600 -0.092800 0.84600 0.0573000 text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.517 NA NA NA NA 0.117 Larus_michahellis
192 KJM Noguera-JEB 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis NS NS Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both E 71 71 36.0 35.0 113 215 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone basal corticosterone 1 1 0.446800 -0.024300 0.91780 0.0578000 text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.542 NA NA NA NA 0.064 Larus_michahellis
192 KJM Noguera-JEB 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis NS NS Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both E 73 73 38.0 35.0 113 216 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime rate of ageing: telomere length 1 -1 -0.551100 -1.018900 -0.08330 0.0570000 esm table 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.534 NA NA NA NA 0.037 Larus_michahellis
192 KJM Noguera-JEB 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis NS NS Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both E 76 76 39.0 37.0 113 217 Physiology Condition Growth body mass (g) -1 1 0.437800 -0.017300 0.89300 0.0539000 esm table 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.640 NA NA NA NA 0.104 Larus_michahellis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Latency to resume incubation -1 -1 1.022100 0.204700 1.83960 0.1739380 Fig1a 9.8862000 1.3701000 NA 18.1282000 2.9932000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation number of off bouts per hour during incubation -1 -1 -0.934400 -1.744000 -0.12480 0.1706370 Fig1b 2.2430000 0.2608000 NA 1.5114000 0.1848000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation number of off bouts per hour during incubation -1 -1 -1.011900 -1.828400 -0.19540 0.1735380 Fig1b 2.2532000 0.2354000 NA 1.5114000 0.1848000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation mean incubation bout duration -1 1 0.491600 -0.288700 1.27180 0.1584930 Fig2a 22.3381000 5.2145000 NA 30.3785000 4.1715000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation mean incubation bout duration -1 1 0.352500 -0.422200 1.12720 0.1562360 Fig2a 25.7696000 3.3305000 NA 30.3785000 4.1715000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation mean duration of off nest bouts -1 -1 0.608800 -0.177500 1.39520 0.1609750 Fig2b 6.2591000 0.6808000 NA 8.1084000 1.0364000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
193 JDAT Kovarik 2011 Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field V breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank F A 13 26 13.0 13.0 59 154 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation mean duration of off nest bouts -1 -1 1.061000 0.240000 1.88210 0.1754960 Fig2b 5.2430000 0.3760000 NA 8.1084000 1.0364000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anthus_pratensis
198 KJM Krams 2001 Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within seconds 0.0002315 after Blank M A 32 64 32.0 32.0 115 219 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance habitat choice: change in perch height 1 -1 -1.287400 -1.825700 -0.74900 0.0754480 means and se from text, birrds perched in upper canopy 0.2800000 0.0600000 NA -0.0600000 0.0300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 120.000 NA NA NA NA NA >0.05 Fringilla_coelebs
198 KJM Krams 2001 Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within seconds 0.0002315 after Blank M A 32 64 32.0 32.0 116 219 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance habitat choice: change in perch height 1 -1 0.106200 -0.400300 0.61260 0.0667610 means and se from text, birds perched in lower canopy -0.1800000 0.0300000 NA -0.1300000 0.0200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.000 NA NA NA NA NA Fringilla_coelebs
201 KJM Possenti 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis Y mixed N Field V breeding among 15 days during period prior to egg laying 15.0000000 after disturbance F A 69 69 36.0 33.0 120 225 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.048200 -0.424200 0.52060 0.0581000 F statistic presented in table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.040 NA NA NA NA 0.837 Larus_michahellis
201 KJM Possenti 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis Y mixed N Field V breeding among 15 days during period prior to egg laying 15.0000000 after disturbance F A 194 193 101.0 93.0 120 225 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass -1 1 0.471200 0.185600 0.75670 0.0212000 F statistic presented in table 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 10.750 NA NA NA NA 0.001 Larus_michahellis
201 KJM Possenti 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis Y mixed N Field V breeding among 15 days during period prior to egg laying 15.0000000 after disturbance F A 48 48 25.0 23.0 120 226 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone corticosterone concentration in first egg 1 1 -0.100100 -0.666700 0.46660 0.0836000 F statistic presented in table 1, direction from figure 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.120 NA NA NA NA 0.732 Larus_michahellis
207 JDAT/KJM Ridley 2010 Southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor Y Bird A Field A non-breeding within 10 min 0.0138889 after NonPred both A 10 20 10.0 10.0 38 119 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PropTimeSentinelPresent 1 1 1.633900 0.621600 2.64610 0.2267390 Figure 2a (compare before after treatment) 0.2766410 0.0372520 NA 0.4592370 0.0372520 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdoides_bicolor
207 JDAT/KJM Ridley 2010 Southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor Y Bird A Field A non-breeding within 10 min 0.0138889 after Blank both A 10 20 10.0 10.0 38 119 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PropTimeSentinelPresent 1 1 1.419100 0.438500 2.39980 0.2503470 Figure 2a (compare before after treatment) 0.2912980 0.0415260 NA 0.4592370 0.0372520 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdoides_bicolor
207 JDAT/KJM Ridley 2010 Southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor N African puff adders Bitis arietans Reptile A Field V non-breeding within 10 min 0.0138889 after disturbance both A 10 20 10.0 10.0 38 119 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PropTimeSentinelPresent 1 1 1.157000 0.210000 2.10400 0.2334670 Figure 2b (compare before after treatment) 0.3062230 0.0934360 NA 0.6110830 0.0818410 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdoides_bicolor
207 JDAT/KJM Ridley 2010 Southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor N African puff adders Bitis arietans Reptile A Field V non-breeding within 10 min 0.0138889 after Blank both A 10 20 10.0 10.0 38 119 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance PropTimeSentinelPresent 1 1 0.733900 -0.171700 1.63940 0.2134630 Figure 2b (compare after for control versus predator) 0.4112530 0.0988920 NA 0.6110830 0.0818410 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdoides_bicolor
207 JDAT/KJM Ridley 2010 Southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor N African puff adders Bitis arietans Reptile A Field V non-breeding within 10 min 0.0138889 during disturbance both A 10 20 10.0 10.0 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing proportion mobbing (real values were 0 and 1, so used 0.025 and 0.975) 1 1 4.039700 0.944400 7.13490 2.4940600 raw numbers in text 0.0250000 NA NA 0.9750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdoides_bicolor
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 10 20 10.0 10.0 8 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeToIncubationFeeding -1 -1 1.464100 0.477100 2.45110 0.2535890 Fig1a 4.0930000 1.2093000 NA 20.0698000 5.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_canadensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N House Wren Troglodytes aedon Bird N Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 10 20 10.0 10.0 8 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeToIncubationFeeding -1 -1 0.891400 -0.027700 1.81040 0.2198630 Fig1a 4.0930000 1.2093000 NA 8.3253000 1.8837000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_canadensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 9 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeToIncubationFeeding -1 -1 0.619800 -0.326100 1.56570 0.2328930 Fig1a 4.9302000 1.8140000 NA 10.1395000 3.7907000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_carolinensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N House Wren Troglodytes aedon Bird N Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 9 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation TimeToIncubationFeeding -1 -1 2.062700 0.919200 3.20630 0.3404120 Fig1a 4.9302000 1.8140000 NA 20.5581000 3.3256000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_carolinensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 10 20 10.0 10.0 8 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation AbortedVisits (interruption of incubation) -1 -1 2.086000 0.996900 3.17510 0.3087850 Fig1b 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 1.3169000 0.2976000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_canadensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 Red-breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis N House Wren Troglodytes aedon Bird N Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 10 20 10.0 10.0 8 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation AbortedVisits (interruption of incubation) -1 -1 0.711700 -0.192100 1.61560 0.2126650 Fig1b 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 0.2070000 0.1371000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_canadensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 9 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation AbortedVisits (interruption of incubation) -1 -1 0.489100 -0.448600 1.42670 0.2288670 Fig1b 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 0.1164000 0.1190000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_carolinensis
211 JDAT Ghalambor 2000 White-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis N House Wren Troglodytes aedon Bird N Field AV breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 after NonPred M A 9 18 9.0 9.0 9 61 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation AbortedVisits (interruption of incubation) -1 -1 2.061600 0.918300 3.20500 0.3402890 Fig1b 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 1.1203000 0.2717000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sitta_carolinensis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick mass -1 1 0.032500 -0.915200 0.98020 0.2337960 ESM table S7 12.4100000 0.2800000 NA 12.4300000 0.1800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.949 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick growth rate -1 1 -1.216500 -2.244100 -0.18890 0.2748730 ESM table S7 0.4810000 0.0120000 NA 0.4590000 0.0007000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.29 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.131 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick mass inflection -1 1 2.660000 1.377600 3.95090 0.4309450 ESM table S7 4.2200000 0.1400000 NA 5.0400000 0.0900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 20.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick wing length -1 1 -0.212900 -1.163100 0.73730 0.2350250 ESM table S7 61.6700000 2.1500000 NA 60.0000000 2.8600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.34 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.559 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing growth rate -1 1 0.222000 -0.728400 1.17240 0.2351350 ESM table S7 0.2550000 0.0070000 NA 0.2600000 0.0090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.23 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.629 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing inflection -1 1 0.505900 -0.456000 1.46780 0.2408750 ESM table S7 9.2600000 0.2500000 NA 9.7300000 0.3400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.04 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.155 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick tarsus length -1 1 -0.126800 -1.075300 0.82180 0.2342130 ESM table S7 18.9500000 0.3600000 NA 18.8500000 0.2300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.05 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.826 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus growth rate -1 1 0.000000 -0.947600 0.94760 0.2376600 ESM table S7 0.3160000 0.0110000 NA 0.3160000 0.0070000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.974 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 11.0 7.0 o 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus inflection -1 1 0.686000 -0.287800 1.65980 0.2468380 ESM table S7 0.5300000 0.0200000 NA 0.5700000 0.0200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.145 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 42 42 25.0 17.0 o 26a Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance nest abandonment (proportion) 1 1 1.101400 -0.095400 2.29830 0.3729010 ESM table S7, "proportion with event" calculator 0.0600000 NA NA 0.3200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.042 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 26 26 14.0 12.0 o 26b LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 -0.257100 -1.031300 0.51710 0.1560330 ESM table S7 3.8300000 0.1400000 NA 3.7100000 0.1300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.551 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 17 17 7.0 10.0 o 26b LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass (g) -1 1 0.665000 -0.326400 1.65640 0.2558620 ESM table S7 1.6500000 0.0700000 NA 1.7800000 0.0700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.66 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.013 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 16 16 8.0 8.0 o 26c Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation nest attentiveness -1 1 1.511900 0.400700 2.62310 0.0321429 ESM table S7 0.8400000 0.0100000 NA 0.8800000 0.0100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.19 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.012 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 16 16 9.0 7.0 o 26c LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime Incubation duration (days) 1 1 -1.011100 -2.059100 0.03690 0.2859150 ESM table S7 15.8100000 0.6100000 NA 14.2800000 0.5400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.038 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 17 17 9.0 8.0 o 26b LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Number of hatchlings -1 1 -0.077700 -1.030500 0.87500 0.2362890 ESM table S7 3.3800000 0.2400000 NA 3.3300000 0.2300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.901 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 11 11 6.0 5.0 o 26d Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 0.043400 -1.143500 1.23040 0.3667520 ESM table S7 15.3900000 2.1100000 NA 15.5800000 2.0100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.08 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.781 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 11 11 7.0 4.0 o 26b LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Number of fledglings -1 1 0.973800 -0.320300 2.26790 0.4359610 ESM table S7 2.3900000 0.4300000 NA 3.1900000 0.3500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.25 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.107 Empidonax_oberholseri
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick mass -1 1 2.001000 0.266000 3.73590 0.7835800 ESM table S7 11.0400000 0.2200000 NA 12.0800000 0.4600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.15 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.025 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick growth rate -1 1 -0.171100 -1.604900 1.26270 0.5351630 ESM table S7 0.6090000 0.0270000 NA 0.5990000 0.0470000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.05 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.83 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick mass inflection -1 1 2.136900 0.363500 3.91040 0.8187410 ESM table S7 2.8900000 0.1200000 NA 3.4700000 0.2300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.39 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.013 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick wing length -1 1 1.741700 0.075200 3.40810 0.7229230 ESM table S7 51.5300000 1.3300000 NA 56.5400000 2.3100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.18 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.281 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing growth rate -1 1 -1.770700 -3.445000 -0.09690 0.7292910 ESM table S7 0.4150000 0.0100000 NA 0.3820000 0.0110000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.35 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.129 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing inflection -1 1 3.449700 1.234800 5.66470 1.2771160 ESM table S7 5.3100000 0.1600000 NA 6.4200000 0.2300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.60 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick tarsus length -1 1 3.255800 1.112500 5.39920 1.1958590 ESM table S7 16.5800000 0.5200000 NA 20.0200000 0.7700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.69 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.028 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus growth rate -1 1 -2.631700 -4.558200 -0.70510 0.9661930 ESM table S7 0.5500000 0.0350000 NA 0.3880000 0.0280000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.48 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.004 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus inflection -1 1 4.792100 2.042100 7.54200 1.9685700 ESM table S7 1.6700000 0.1100000 NA 2.8600000 0.2100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.72 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.007 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 32 32 20.0 12.0 p 26a Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance nest abandonment (proportion) 1 1 0.874200 -0.086000 1.83500 0.2403130 ESM table S7 0.1700000 NA NA 0.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.049 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 17 17 10.0 7.0 p 26b LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 -0.184800 -1.152700 0.78310 0.2438620 ESM table S7 3.7100000 0.2400000 NA 3.6000000 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.894 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 13 13 6.0 7.0 p 26b LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass (g) -1 1 -0.570000 -1.691200 0.53450 0.3223880 ESM table S7 1.4900000 0.0700000 NA 1.4000000 0.0600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.03 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.03 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 12 12 5.0 7.0 p 26c Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation nest attentiveness -1 1 1.315900 0.053300 2.57850 0.4150050 ESM table S7 0.6300000 0.0400000 NA 0.7600000 0.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.48 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.57 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 7 7 3.0 4.0 p 26b LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings Number of hatchlings -1 1 -1.543500 -3.244900 0.15750 0.7535070 ESM table S7 3.2500000 0.2200000 NA 2.6700000 0.2600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.88 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.133 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 8 8 3.0 5.0 p 26d Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -2.178400 -3.963900 -0.39290 0.8299220 ESM table S7 6.5800000 0.5400000 NA 4.3100000 0.6800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.84 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.03 Spizella_passerina
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick mass -1 1 -0.681800 -2.327900 0.96440 0.7054020 ESM table S7 18.7400000 0.4900000 NA 18.3000000 0.4200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.602 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick growth rate -1 1 -4.024100 -6.807000 -1.24110 2.0161090 ESM table S7 0.4830000 0.0130000 NA 0.4170000 0.0100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.87 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.003 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick mass inflection -1 1 1.143500 -0.582600 2.86970 0.7756410 ESM table S7 4.1500000 0.1000000 NA 4.3200000 0.1100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.57 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.454 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick wing length -1 1 0.045500 -1.555000 1.64600 0.6668390 ESM table S7 65.5100000 3.1700000 NA 65.7100000 3.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.974 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing growth rate -1 1 -0.148700 -1.751200 1.45390 0.6685080 ESM table S7 0.3390000 0.0100000 NA 0.3370000 0.0090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.894 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick wing inflection -1 1 -0.454600 -2.075400 1.16630 0.6838860 ESM table S7 7.0900000 0.2800000 NA 6.9100000 0.2800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.746 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth asymptotic chick tarsus length -1 1 0.288900 -1.319700 1.89750 0.6736210 ESM table S7 23.0400000 0.7200000 NA 23.3000000 0.5400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.06 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.811 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus growth rate -1 1 0.723800 -0.928000 2.37570 0.7103290 ESM table S7 0.4010000 0.0200000 NA 0.4200000 0.0170000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.576 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26 Physiology Condition Growth chick tarsus inflection -1 1 -2.567200 -4.728300 -0.40600 1.2158550 ESM table S7 2.7800000 0.1800000 NA 2.2100000 0.1300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.93 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.03 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 18 18 10.0 8.0 q 26a Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance nest abandonment (proportion) 1 1 1.552700 -1.005400 4.11080 1.7035320 ESM table S7 0.0250000 NA NA 0.3000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.041 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 12 12 7.0 5.0 q 26b LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.000000 -1.147600 1.14760 0.3429000 ESM table S7 (variance reported is zero, so assume sd=sqrt(mean)) 4.0000000 NA 2.0000000 4.0000000 NA 2.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.894 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 15 15 8.0 6.0 q 26b LifeHistory reproduction EggSize egg mass (g) -1 1 -1.140500 -2.280200 -0.00080 0.3381230 ESM table S7 2.4300000 0.0700000 NA 2.2500000 0.0600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.041 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26c Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation nest attentiveness -1 1 1.818300 -0.084200 3.72070 0.9421770 ESM table S7 0.6100000 0.0700000 NA 0.7900000 0.0700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.75 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.099 Junco_hyemalis
214 KJM LaMann 2016 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis Y mixed N Field A breeding among 5 weeks 35.0000000 after Blank both N 6 6 3.0 3.0 q 26d Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 0.259200 -1.347800 1.86620 0.6722640 ESM table S7 6.5100000 1.8300000 NA 7.1400000 1.6000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.12 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.746 Junco_hyemalis
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 29 18 15.0 14.0 104 275 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: incubation effort (min/day) -1 1 0.077000 -1.034000 1.18900 NA Table 1, standardized estimtae NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.07700 0.5670918 NA -1.034 1.189 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 32 32 18.0 14.0 104 275 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: incubation effort (min/day) -1 1 0.218000 -0.898000 1.33400 NA Table 1, standardized estimtae NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.21800 0.5693878 NA -0.898 1.334 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 29 18 15.0 14.0 104 276 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings brood mass -1 1 0.090000 -0.096000 0.27600 NA Table 2, standardized estimate NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.09000 0.0948980 NA -0.096 0.276 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred F A 32 32 18.0 14.0 104 276 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings brood mass -1 1 0.110000 -0.085000 0.30400 NA Table 2, standarized estiamte NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.11000 0.0992347 NA -0.085 0.304 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred M A 29 18 15.0 14.0 104 277 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation foraging: incubation feeding of female -1 1 0.307000 -1.217000 1.83100 NA standardized estimate in text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.30700 0.7775510 NA -1.217 1.831 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
216 KJM Basso 2015 Great tit Parus major N short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Mammal N Field AV breeding among 14 days 14.0000000 during NonPred M A 32 32 18.0 14.0 104 277 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation foraging: incubation feeding of female -1 1 -0.265000 -1.900000 1.36900 NA standardized estimate in text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.26500 0.8339286 NA -1.900 1.369 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_major
221 JDAT Parejo 2012 Little owl Athene noctua NS NS Field A breeding among 15 days 15.0000000 after Blank both A 20 20 10.0 10.0 44 125 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProbOccupancy 1 -1 1.240500 0.283400 2.19760 0.2384710 Fig2a 0.0990000 0.1006000 NA 0.5988000 0.1611000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source of Predation Cues not specified Athene_noctua
221 JDAT Parejo 2012 Little owl Athene noctua NS NS Field A breeding among 15 days 15.0000000 after NonPred both A 20 20 10.0 10.0 44 125 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProbOccupancy 1 -1 0.201200 -0.677600 1.07990 0.2010120 Fig2a 0.4982000 0.1721000 NA 0.5988000 0.1611000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source of Predation Cues not specified Athene_noctua
221 JDAT Parejo 2012 Little owl Athene noctua NS NS Field A breeding among 15 days 15.0000000 after NonPred both A 14 14 7.0 6.0 44 126 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -1.767300 -3.052000 -0.48260 0.4296560 Fig2b 4.8310000 0.3103000 NA 3.5734000 0.2964000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source of Predation Cues not specified Athene_noctua
221 JDAT Parejo 2012 Scops owl Otus scops NS NS Field A breeding among 15 days 15.0000000 after Blank both A 8 8 4.0 4.0 44 127 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate EarliestLayingDate 1 1 2.324800 0.530800 4.11870 0.8377820 Fig3 146.2099000 1.8415000 NA 156.4882000 3.1049000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source of Predation Cues not specified Otus_scops
221 JDAT Parejo 2012 Scops owl Otus scops NS NS Field A breeding among 15 days 15.0000000 after NonPred both A 8 8 4.0 4.0 44 127 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate EarliestLayingDate 1 1 1.925000 0.248600 3.60150 0.7316100 Fig 3 147.7088000 2.0557000 NA 156.4882000 3.1049000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Source of Predation Cues not specified Otus_scops
222 KJM Schmidt 2013 Veery Catharus fuscescens N Barred owl Strix varia Bird A Field A breeding within 75 minutes 0.1041667 during mix M A 52 52 26.0 26.0 124 278 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship courtship: singing rate -1 1 -0.433000 -0.982900 0.11690 0.0787260 means and se in main text 134.7000000 17.0000000 NA 176.3000000 21.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.86 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.081 Catharus_fuscescens
228 KJM Yoon 2016 Oriental tit Parus minor N Eurasian magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 145 140 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning hourly feeding rate -1 1 0.372900 -0.434200 1.18000 0.1695640 figure 2a (control nestbox entrance) 23.8636000 2.8788000 NA 27.4242000 2.8788000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_monticolus
228 KJM Yoon 2016 Oriental tit Parus minor N Eurasian magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 146 140 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning hourly feeding rate -1 1 0.009000 -0.791100 0.80920 0.1666680 figure 2a (enlarged nestbox entrace) 19.2424000 2.1212000 NA 19.3182000 2.8788000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_monticolus
228 KJM Yoon 2016 Oriental tit Parus minor N Eurasian magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 145 140 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance % of time spent vigilant 1 1 0.240400 -0.562700 1.04340 0.1678700 figure 2b (control nestbox entrance) 0.8318000 0.1739000 NA 0.9830000 0.2042000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_monticolus
228 KJM Yoon 2016 Oriental tit Parus minor N Eurasian magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 146 140 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance % of time spent vigilant 1 1 -0.243000 -1.046100 0.56010 0.1678970 figure 2b (enlarged nestbox entrace) 2.2911000 0.7032000 NA 1.7996000 0.4991000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_monticolus
230 JDAT Van Der Veen 1999 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding among 5 days 5.0000000 after disturbance M A 32 64 16.0 16.0 7 59 Physiology Condition Mass MassChange -1 1 -1.815900 -2.639400 -0.99240 0.1765000 F-test calculator, direction from fig 3a NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 26.380 NA NA NA NA 0.0002 Comparison between diference of BA of Control and Predator Emberiza_citrinella
230 JDAT Van Der Veen 1999 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding among 5 days 5.0000000 after disturbance M A 32 64 16.0 16.0 7 60 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyToResumeFeeding -1 -1 1.713900 0.903700 2.52420 0.1709000 F-test calculator, direction from fig 3b NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 23.500 NA NA NA NA 0.0003 Comparison between diference of BA of Control and Predator Emberiza_citrinella
230 JDAT Van Der Veen 1999 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding among 5 days 5.0000000 after disturbance M A 32 64 16.0 16.0 7 60 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 -0.921300 -1.650100 -0.19250 0.1383000 F-test calculator, direction from figure 3c NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.790 NA NA NA NA 0.0208 Comparison between diference of BA of Control and Predator Emberiza_citrinella
232 KJM Mouton 2020 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis N Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field A breeding among not explicit. Assume for nesting/incubation/provisioning 35.0000000 during NonPred both A 39 39 24.0 15.0 121 279 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (feeds/hour/nestling) -1 1 -0.708300 0.044300 1.37230 0.1147650 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.37300 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.038 Junco_hyemalis
232 KJM Mouton 2020 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis N Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field A breeding among not explicit. Assume for nesting/incubation/provisioning 35.0000000 during NonPred both A 39 39 24.0 15.0 121 280 Physiology Condition Growth growth of nestling (maximimum wing length) -1 1 -0.839700 -1.511200 0.16820 0.1173740 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.02700 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.015 Junco_hyemalis
232 KJM Mouton 2020 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis N Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field A breeding among not explicit. Assume for nesting/incubation/provisioning 35.0000000 during NonPred both A 39 39 24.0 15.0 121 280 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime age at fledging 1 1 0.420800 -0.231000 1.07270 0.1106040 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.18600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.209 Junco_hyemalis
251 KJM Suzuki 2015 Japanese great tit Parus minor N mobbing call rat snake Elaphe climacophora Reptile N Field A breeding within 1 minute 0.0013889 during disturbance F A 18 36 18.0 18.0 s 30 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation probability of response during incubation (leaving nextbox) -1 -1 1.874100 0.978800 2.76940 0.2084000 Figure2 (1 out of 18 leave in control, 13 out of 18 treatment) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16.8312 NA NA 0.000041 Parus_monticolus
251 KJM Suzuki 2015 Japanese great tit Parus minor N mobbing call jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Bird N Field A breeding within 1 minute 0.0013889 during disturbance F A 18 36 18.0 18.0 s 30 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation probability of response during incubation (leaving nextbox) -1 -1 0.202000 -0.454600 0.85870 0.1122000 Figure2 (1 out of 18 leave in control, 2 out of 18 treatment) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.3636 NA NA 0.546494 Parus_monticolus
253 KJM York 2017 Reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field A breeding within minutes 0.0027778 after NonPred F A 24 48 24.0 24.0 104 194 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance 1 1 2.003300 0.870800 3.13590 0.3339000 chi-square ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 12.0200 NA NA Acrocephalus_scirpaceus
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 57 152 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobIntensity 1 1 -0.155700 -0.899500 0.58810 0.1440230 Result section 2.4000000 0.1300000 NA 2.3300000 0.1200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 105.000 0.709 Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 57 152 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MinDistance (nest owner) 1 -1 -0.252700 -0.998300 0.49290 0.1447300 Fig1 2.0107000 0.3593000 NA 1.6622000 0.3968000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 58 153 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MinDistance (neighbour) 1 -1 -0.496800 -1.250800 0.25720 0.1479960 Fig1 4.1609000 0.8632000 NA 2.6542000 0.8203000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 58 153 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing NMobsAttended (by neighbours) - convert to proportion 1 1 1.760700 -0.129600 3.65100 0.9301410 Fig2 0.6153846 NA NA 0.9750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 58 153 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobIntensity 1 1 1.095900 0.299700 1.89210 0.1650350 Result section 1.3800000 0.1400000 NA 1.8500000 0.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 45.500 0.018 Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 58 153 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing TimeAttendMob 1 -1 0.079000 -0.664000 0.82200 0.1437010 Result section 51.3000000 4.7000000 NA 53.0000000 6.7200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.400 NA NA NA NA 0.84 Ficedula_hypoleuca
268 JDAT Krams 2010 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field V breeding among 10 min 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 28 56 15.0 13.0 58 153 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing AttendMob(Reciprocity) convert to proportino 1 1 1.370000 0.141900 2.59810 0.3926200 Result section 0.2500000 NA NA 0.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
273 KJM Santema 2021 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Y Bird A Field V breeding among 3-4 days 3.5000000 during NonPred both N 595 595 293.0 302.0 118 281 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime age at fledging 1 1 0.095200 -0.065600 0.25600 0.0067000 means and sd from text 20.6000000 NA 1.0000000 20.7000000 1.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.72 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.47 Parus_caeruleus
276 KJM Forsman 2013 yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N American mink Neovison vison Mammal N Field O breeding among 1 month 30.0000000 during disturbance both A 44 44 22.0 22.0 105 282 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance settlement: density of breeding pairs 1 -1 0.518300 -0.082500 1.11910 0.0940000 t statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.719 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.116 Emberiza_citrinella
280 JDAT Miles 2013 Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa N Great Skua Stercorarius skua Bird N Field A breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both A 7 21 7.0 7.0 49 138 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NChatter-call - mate attraction -1 1 0.290400 -0.762700 1.34360 0.2887270 Fig6 24.6941000 1.8069000 NA 26.0421000 1.9789000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N not given, ES calculated with number of nights surveyed as a proxy of N Oceanodroma_leucorhoa
280 JDAT Miles 2013 Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa N Great Skua Stercorarius skua Bird N Field A breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 during NonPred both A 7 21 7.0 7.0 49 138 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NChatter-call - mate attraction -1 1 -0.065400 -1.113400 0.98250 0.2858670 Fig6 24.6941000 1.8069000 NA 26.1855000 2.1223000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N not given, ES calculated with number of nights surveyed as a proxy of N Oceanodroma_leucorhoa
280 JDAT Miles 2013 Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa N Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Bird N Field A breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both A 7 21 7.0 7.0 49 138 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NChatter-call - mate attraction -1 1 -0.244500 -1.296100 0.80700 0.2878490 Fig6 26.4080000 2.0977000 NA 25.3448000 1.3793000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N not given, ES calculated with number of nights surveyed as a proxy of N Oceanodroma_leucorhoa
280 JDAT Miles 2013 Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa N Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Bird N Field A breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 during NonPred both A 7 21 7.0 7.0 49 138 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NChatter-call - mate attraction -1 1 -0.087200 -1.135400 0.96090 0.2859860 Fig6 26.4080000 2.0977000 NA 27.7586000 1.6379000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N not given, ES calculated with number of nights surveyed as a proxy of N Oceanodroma_leucorhoa
280 JDAT Miles 2013 Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa N Great Skua Stercorarius skua Bird N Field V breeding among 10 days 10.0000000 after Blank both A 10 80 5.0 5.0 50 139 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance PresencePerNight - number of petrels caught 1 -1 -0.071100 -1.311100 1.16880 0.4002530 Results section 7.8000000 2.9900000 NA 7.4000000 2.6200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0850 NA NA 0.77 N not given, ES calculated with number of nights surveyed as a proxy of N Oceanodroma_leucorhoa
286 JDAT Tilgar 2011 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 after Blank both A 62 31 62.0 62.0 35 111 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone CorticosteronLevel 1 1 1.008200 0.332300 1.68410 0.1189000 Results section, F statistic and exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.260 NA NA NA NA 0.005 Ficedula_hypoleuca
286 JDAT Tilgar 2011 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V breeding within 1 hour 0.0833333 after Blank both A 62 31 62.0 62.0 35 112 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning ProvisioningRate -1 1 -0.736800 -1.251200 -0.22230 0.0688940 Fig1, raw data 22.6562000 1.4480000 NA 17.3125000 1.1875000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during NonPred F A 11 22 11.0 11.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestVisitationRate during incubation -1 1 -0.826700 -1.697400 0.04400 0.1973490 Fig1 1.4161000 0.2104000 NA 0.8758000 0.2029000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during Blank F A 11 22 11.0 11.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestVisitationRate during incubation -1 1 -0.951900 -1.833700 -0.07010 0.2024110 Fig1 1.6227000 0.2863000 NA 0.8758000 0.2029000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during NonPred M A 11 22 11.0 11.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestVisitationRate during incubation -1 1 0.642300 -0.214700 1.49930 0.1911940 Fig1 0.0436000 0.0493000 NA 0.1668000 0.0702000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during Blank M A 11 22 11.0 11.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestVisitationRate during incubation -1 1 0.382300 -0.461000 1.22570 0.1851400 Fig1 0.0796000 0.0740000 NA 0.1668000 0.0702000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during NonPred F A 9 22 9.0 9.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Log of LatencyResume incubation -1 -1 0.946600 -0.277000 1.92090 0.2471120 Fig2 6.8441000 0.2265000 NA 7.5382000 0.2883000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during Blank F A 9 22 9.0 9.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Log of LatencyResume incubation -1 -1 1.296300 0.280000 2.31270 0.2471120 Fig2 6.7059000 0.1412000 NA 7.5382000 0.2883000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during NonPred F A 8 22 8.0 8.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Number of incubation bouts -1 1 -1.099000 -2.150300 -0.04760 0.2877430 Results Section, means and s.e. 33.6000000 1.7000000 NA 25.6000000 3.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during Blank F A 8 22 8.0 8.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation Number of incubation bouts -1 1 -1.189000 -2.252000 -0.12590 0.2941760 Results Section, means and s.e. 36.3000000 3.3000000 NA 25.6000000 3.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during NonPred F A 8 22 8.0 8.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestAttentiveness (percentage of tmie per hour on nest) -1 1 -1.565500 -2.685600 -0.44540 0.3265860 Results Section, means and s.e. 68.2000000 2.7000000 NA 40.4000000 9.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
295 JDAT Ibáñez-Álamo 2012 Common blackbird Turdus merula N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 during Blank F A 8 22 8.0 8.0 60 155 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation NestAttentiveness (percentage of tmie per hour on nest) -1 1 -1.132000 -2.187500 -0.07640 0.2900410 Results Section, means and s.e. 59.7000000 0.5000000 NA 40.4000000 9.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_merula
298 KJM Blackwell 2020 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N Raccoon Procyon lotor Mammal N Field O breeding among not explicit. Assume for nesting/incubation/provisioning 35.0000000 during disturbance both A 54 54 26.0 28.0 106 283 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of building a nest 1 -1 -0.125800 -0.642900 0.39120 0.0695890 raw data (26/40 nests Pred, 28/40 nests control) 0.7000000 NA NA 0.6500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
298 KJM Blackwell 2020 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N Raccoon Procyon lotor Mammal N Field O breeding among not explicit. Assume for nesting/incubation/provisioning 35.0000000 during disturbance F A 54 54 26.0 28.0 106 284 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 0.150000 -0.375000 0.69430 0.0744000 means and sd from table 1 4.6000000 NA 1.3000000 4.8000000 NA 1.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
300 KJM Abbey-Lee 2019 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 6 months 180.0000000 after NonPred F A 326 326 154.0 172.0 94 176 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate LayingDate 1 1 0.000000 -0.217400 0.21740 0.0123000 ESM Table S3 20.6000000 2.7500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.20000 3.8900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.000 NA NA NA NA 0.96 Parus_major
300 KJM Abbey-Lee 2019 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 6 months 180.0000000 after NonPred F A 326 326 154.0 172.0 94 177 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.011100 -0.228500 0.20630 0.0123000 ESM Table S3 8.6000000 0.2200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.03000 0.3000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.010 NA NA NA NA 0.92 Parus_major
300 KJM Abbey-Lee 2019 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field A breeding among 6 months 180.0000000 after NonPred both A 326 326 154.0 172.0 94 178 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity Exploration -1 1 0.068400 -0.149100 0.28590 0.0123000 ESM Table S3 60.5000000 1.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.27000 2.0600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.380 NA NA NA NA 0.54 Parus_major
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after NonPred F A 34 68 24.0 10.0 87 166 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.742400 -1.500900 0.01610 0.1497720 Result section 4.0000000 0.3000000 NA 3.3000000 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after Blank F A 49 98 24.0 25.0 87 166 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 -0.928100 -1.517500 -0.33860 0.0904560 Result section 4.2000000 0.2000000 NA 3.3000000 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after NonPred F A 34 68 24.0 10.0 87 167 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingDistanceFrom playback 1 -1 0.343600 -0.398600 1.08580 0.1434020 Table2 60.0000000 85.9825564 NA 157.0000000 60.7453702 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after Blank F A 49 98 24.0 25.0 87 167 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuildingDistanceFrom playback 1 -1 0.445400 -0.121600 1.01240 0.0836910 Table2 6.0000000 77.3886297 NA 157.0000000 60.7453702 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after NonPred F A 34 68 24.0 10.0 87 167 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProtectiveNestCover 1 1 0.639600 -0.113600 1.39280 0.1476830 Table3 -0.3000000 1.4212670 NA 2.5000000 0.9219544 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among weeks before nest builting 14.0000000 after Blank F A 49 98 24.0 25.0 87 167 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance ProtectiveNestCover 1 1 0.401600 -0.164100 0.96740 0.0833130 Table3 0.4000000 1.2041595 NA 2.5000000 0.9219544 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among following year 14.0000000 after NonPred F A 34 68 24.0 10.0 87 168 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSizeChangeAcross Years -1 1 -1.272700 -2.070000 -0.47540 0.1654860 Result section -0.1000000 0.3000000 NA -1.3000000 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
325 JDAT Eggers 2006 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding among following year 14.0000000 after Blank F A 49 98 24.0 25.0 87 168 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSizeChangeAcross Years -1 1 -1.704500 -2.358400 -1.05060 0.1113130 Result section -0.1000000 0.1000000 NA -1.3000000 0.2000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 50 50 50.0 50.0 47 131 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Preference for risky nestbox 1 -1 -1.142600 -1.703600 -0.58160 0.0819250 Fig1 0.5200000 NA NA 0.1200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after disturbance F A 50 50 50.0 50.0 47 131 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Preference for risky nestbox 1 -1 -0.781300 -1.349200 -0.21340 0.0839550 Fig1 0.3600000 NA NA 0.1200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank both E 46 48 24.0 24.0 47 132 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime Duration of Nestling phase 1 1 0.475700 -0.110400 1.06170 0.0894000 Results Section, means and s.d. 15.5000000 NA 1.1000000 16.0000000 NA 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.33 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 133 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NNestlings -1 1 0.253100 -0.327200 0.83340 0.0877000 Results Section, means and s.d. 5.9100000 NA 1.1600000 6.1900000 NA 1.0500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.822 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank both N 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 133 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings NestlingBodyMass -1 1 0.488900 -0.097600 1.07540 0.0896000 Results Section, means and s.d. 13.1000000 NA 1.1000000 13.8000000 NA 1.7000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.122 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 133 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime DurationOfLaying+Incubation 1 1 0.736200 0.139000 1.33340 0.0928000 Results Section, means and s.d. 20.0000000 NA 1.2000000 21.0000000 NA 1.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.032 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 133 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize Mean Egg mass -1 1 0.158900 -0.420000 0.73770 0.0872000 Results Section, means and s.d. 1.6300000 NA 0.1400000 1.6500000 NA 0.1100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.51 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 133 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize ClutchSize -1 1 0.807600 0.206600 1.40870 0.0940000 Results Section, means and s.d. 6.4000000 NA 0.8100000 7.1000000 NA 0.9200000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.1 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank M A 48 48 24.0 24.0 47 134 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate nest initiation date 1 1 -0.987300 -1.586500 -0.38800 0.0935000 caption for Figure 2, means and s.d. 23.1000000 NA 4.0000000 19.2000000 NA 3.9000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.001 Ficedula_hypoleuca
339 JDAT Monkkonen 2009 Pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca N Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Mammal N Field OV breeding within 24 days 24.0000000 after Blank F A 46 46 23.0 23.0 47 134 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate clutch iinitiation date 1 1 -0.998700 -1.611600 -0.38580 0.0978000 caption for Figure 2, means and s.d. 30.7000000 NA 4.7000000 26.8000000 NA 2.9000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.001 Ficedula_hypoleuca
368 KJM Roth 2008 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N domestic cat Felus catus Mammal A Lab O non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 34 34 17.0 17.0 133 285 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to feed -1 -1 -0.246300 -0.921100 0.42860 0.1185390 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.478 Carpodacus_mexicanus
368 KJM Roth 2008 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N domestic cat Felus catus Mammal A Lab O non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 34 34 17.0 17.0 133 285 Behaviour Intake Foraging foraging: time at feeder -1 1 0.298900 -0.377100 0.97490 0.1189610 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.39 Carpodacus_mexicanus
368 KJM Roth 2008 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N domestic cat Felus catus Mammal A Lab O non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 34 34 17.0 17.0 133 286 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance inspection: time on cup holding scent 1 1 -0.231800 -0.906300 0.44270 0.1184370 exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.504 Carpodacus_mexicanus
368 KJM Roth 2008 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N domestic cat Felus catus Mammal A Lab O non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 34 34 17.0 17.0 133 286 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance rate 1 1 0.302000 -0.374100 0.97810 0.1189880 means and se from Fig 4 (6-25 minutes) 0.1323790 0.9642220 NA 1.0465120 0.9635260 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
368 KJM Roth 2008 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N domestic cat Felus catus Mammal A Lab O non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 34 34 17.0 17.0 133 286 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance rate 1 1 0.210500 -0.463600 0.88470 0.1182990 means and se from Fig 4 (1-5 minutes) -0.4561700 0.2921880 NA -0.2808600 0.0360270 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Carpodacus_mexicanus
377 KJM Saavedra 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N Ferret Mustela furo Mammal N Field O breeding among entire laying period 14.0000000 during disturbance F A 28 28 14.0 14.0 134 287 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance egg covering, control = water 1 1 0.590300 -0.166500 1.34700 0.1490790 44.3300000 6.1300000 NA 57.2700000 6.0300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
377 KJM Saavedra 2019 Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N Ferret Mustela furo Mammal N Field O breeding among entire laying period 14.0000000 during disturbance F A 28 28 14.0 14.0 134 287 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance egg covering, control = lemon scent 1 1 0.643600 -0.116200 1.40330 0.1502540 mean and se from text 41.3900000 7.5700000 NA 57.2700000 6.0300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
383 JDAT Eggers 2008 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field VM breeding within 60 min 0.0833333 during disturbance both A 13 26 13.0 13.0 88a 169 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning NestVisitationRate (open forest) -1 1 -5.607300 -7.314300 -3.90030 0.7584980 Figure 2, means and se 1.1249000 0.0819000 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
383 JDAT Eggers 2008 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus N Eurasian jay Garrulus glandarius Bird N Field VM breeding within 60 min 0.0833333 during disturbance both A 15 30 15.0 15.0 88b 169 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning NestVisitationRate (dense forest) -1 1 -0.878500 -1.627900 -0.12910 0.1461950 Figure 2, means and se 1.1876000 0.0972000 NA 0.7499000 0.1613000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
395 KJM Eggers 2005 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 114 218 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 0.797600 -0.290900 1.88610 0.3084330 Fig4, day3-6 0.9014218 0.1478673 NA 1.2796209 0.1848341 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
395 KJM Eggers 2005 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 114 218 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 0.755000 -0.329300 1.83930 0.3060710 Fig4,Day6-9 0.8985782 0.2047393 NA 1.2085308 0.1194313 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
395 KJM Eggers 2005 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 114 218 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 0.201100 -0.849100 1.25140 0.2871590 Fig4,Day9-12 0.8530806 0.1933649 NA 1.1800948 0.0966825 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
395 KJM Eggers 2005 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 114 218 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.252000 -0.239770 -0.10630 0.3416960 Fig4,Day12-15 0.9952607 0.2018957 NA 0.5175355 0.0881517 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
395 KJM Eggers 2005 Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus Y Bird N Field A breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 114 218 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate (provisioning events per hour) -1 1 -1.039500 -2.155700 0.07660 0.3243070 Fig4,Day15-18 0.9014218 0.1478673 NA 0.5914692 0.0881517 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perisoreus_infaustus
396 JDAT/KJM Kullberg 2002 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 30 60 30.0 30.0 57 149 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity number of movements -1 1 -1.060200 NA NA NA figure3d, has median and quartile 16.3662000 NA 7.0057820 9.6619720 NA 5.5585780 16.0140845 12.0422535 21.0422535 10.0140845 5.9154930 13.056338 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 54.500 0.01 treatment Parus_major
396 JDAT/KJM Kullberg 2002 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 30 60 30.0 30.0 57 150 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing number of warning calls 1 1 1.452000 NA NA NA figure3e, has median and quartile 0.3574144 NA 0.7281041 6.0228140 NA 5.4696600 0.0456274 0.0456274 0.9809886 5.0646388 2.9885932 10.015209 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 27.500 treatment>control Parus_major
396 JDAT/KJM Kullberg 2002 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 30 60 30.0 30.0 57 151 Behaviour Intake Foraging latency to feed -1 -1 10.425400 NA NA NA figure3f, has median and quartile 100.5253900 NA 67.7539100 600.0000000 NA 200.0000000 79.6847636 67.4255692 154.4658494 600.0000000 600.0000000 600.000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 19.000 treatment>control Parus_major
396 JDAT/KJM Kullberg 2002 Great tit Parus major N Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 30 60 30.0 30.0 57 151b Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance proportion of birds freezing 1 1 2.487000 1.099600 3.87430 0.5010380 figure 5, extract proportions 0.0666667 NA NA 0.8666667 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Condition: Wild birds - raised in the wild. Note- figure two is count of bird data. Use Figure 5 as it gives individual level data. Parus_major
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both A 3 6 3.0 3.0 34a 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 -0.308800 -1.918600 1.30100 0.6746140 Fig1, means and s.e. 0.6114391 0.3401330 NA 0.4739632 0.2872234 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N= 5 per trial except first trial N=3. Total 6 trials of 5 birds Arenaria_interpres
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab VG non-breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both A 5 10 5.0 5.0 34b 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 0.556300 -0.707000 1.81970 0.4154740 Fig1, means and s.e. 1.3559081 1.0203546 NA 2.7262218 1.4115743 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N= 5 per trial except first trial N=3. Total 6 trials of 5 birds Arenaria_interpres
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 7 days 7.0000000 after NonPred both A 5 10 5.0 5.0 34c 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 1.234700 -0.117800 2.58730 0.4762290 Fig1, means and s.e. 3.3511329 1.8706427 NA 9.5340400 3.0063314 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N= 5 per trial except first trial N=3. Total 6 trials of 5 birds Arenaria_interpres
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 3.5 days 3.5000000 after NonPred both 5 10 5.0 5.0 34d 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 0.647600 -0.624100 1.91930 0.4209700 Fig1, means and s.e. 6.9489400 1.8368073 NA 14.0234403 7.5028456 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Arenaria_interpres
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 3.5 days 3.5000000 after NonPred both 5 10 5.0 5.0 34e 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 1.934300 0.432600 3.43610 0.5870840 Fig1, means and s.e. 0.8600253 0.0000000 NA 14.3053283 4.9149890 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Arenaria_interpres
408 JDAT/KJM Van Den Hout 2006 Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab AVG non-breeding within 3.5 days 3.5000000 after NonPred both A 5 10 5.0 5.0 34f 109 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Latency to resume activity 1 1 0.861100 -0.431700 2.15680 0.4370720 Fig1, means and s.e. 1.2885484 0.4082486 NA 2.3337127 0.7581632 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA N= 5 per trial except first trial N=3. Total 6 trials of 5 birds Arenaria_interpres
439 KJM Swift 2015 American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos N red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis Bird A Field V non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 46 46 34.0 12.0 126 288 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing probability of mobbing behaviour 1 1 1.846900 0.720200 2.97360 0.3304610 calculated from raw data (provided in text) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Corvus_brachyrhynchos
439 KJM Swift 2015 American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos N red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis Bird A Field V non-breeding among 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 46 46 34.0 12.0 126 289 Behaviour Intake Foraging probability of returning to feed -1 1 -0.417900 -0.779000 0.05680 0.0339000 calculated exact p-value from raw data (provided in text): 29 out of 29 control resumed feeding, 94 out of 101 treatment resumed feeding. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.0550 NA NA 0.0246 Corvus_brachyrhynchos
457 KJM Magrath 2012 Superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus N NS Field A breeding among 10 minutes 0.0138889 during NonPred both A 60 60 30.0 30.0 131 290 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance probability of fleeing 1 1 4.039700 2.277600 5.30330 0.4156770 raw data is 60/60 fled with conspecific alarms, 0/60 fled with heterospecific contact calls 0.0250000 NA NA 0.9750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Malurus_cyaneus
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Blue-winged teal Anas discors N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 81 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.993800 -2.307700 0.32010 0.4494000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 5.4000000 NA 2.4083189 3.4000000 NA 1.5165751 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_discors
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 82 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.536700 -1.798400 0.72500 0.4144000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 1.2000000 NA 1.3038405 0.6000000 NA 0.8944272 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_platyrhynchos
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Northern shoveler Anas clypeata N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 83 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.513000 -1.772800 0.74680 0.4132000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 3.4000000 NA 2.0736441 2.4000000 NA 1.8165902 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_clypeata
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Gadwall Anas strepera N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 84 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.373000 -1.623300 0.87730 0.4070000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 1.0000000 NA 1.2247449 0.6000000 NA 0.8944272 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_strepera
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Northern pintail Anas acuta N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 85 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.282800 -1.529600 0.96290 0.4040000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 0.4000000 NA 0.8944272 0.2000000 NA 0.4472136 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_acuta
482 JDAT Eichholz 2012 Green-winged teal Anas crecca N Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Mammal N Field O breeding among ~2weeks before nestbuilding 14.0000000 during disturbance both A 10 10 5.0 5.0 86 165 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestBuilding 1 -1 -0.632500 -1.902700 0.63770 0.4200000 means and sd calculated from Table 1, plot without predator removals 0.2000000 NA 0.4472136 0.0000000 NA 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Anas_crecca
489 KJM Liliendahl 1998 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 108a 202 Physiology Condition Mass evening body mass (% of morning mass) -1 1 0.470500 -0.591600 1.53250 0.2936000 Figure 1, dominants 9.0602410 NA 2.3132530 10.0722892 NA 1.9759040 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA looked at overall effect while combining estimates from dominants and subordinates. Data extracted from Figure 1 Emberiza_citrinella
489 KJM Liliendahl 1998 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 108b 202 Physiology Condition Mass evening body mass (% of morning mass) -1 1 0.926700 -0.175800 2.02910 0.3164000 Figure 1, subordinants 9.3786408 NA 1.9223300 11.4174757 NA 2.4466020 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA looked at overall effect while combining estimates from dominants and subordinates. Data extracted from Figure 1 Emberiza_citrinella
491 JDAT Fisher 2006 Northern flicker Colaptes auratus N American Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal N Field V breeding among 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 48 24 24.0 24.0 77 162 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance NestAbandonment 1 1 0.185500 -0.706200 1.07720 0.2069850 Results section, propportion abandoned 0.1250000 NA NA 0.1666667 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.99 Colaptes_auratus
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 99 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance ScanningFrequency 1 1 1.637000 NA NA NA Table1 (direction from fig 1a), https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.370 NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 100 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyToResumeResume -1 -1 1.637000 NA NA NA Table 1 (direction from fig 1b) https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.370 NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 101 Physiology Condition Mass MorningBodyMass -1 1 -0.043000 NA NA NA Table 1 (direction from fig 2) https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.080 NA NA NA NA NA 0.93 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 101 Physiology Condition Mass MeanDailyBodyMass -1 1 0.889000 NA NA NA Table 1 (direction from Fig 3) https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.520 NA NA NA NA NA 0.13 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 101 Physiology Condition Mass EveningBodyMass -1 1 1.637000 NA NA NA Table 1 (direction from Fig 4) https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.370 NA NA NA NA NA 0.02 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
498 JDAT Pravosudov 1998 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 3 days 3.0000000 after NonPred M A 7 14 7.0 7.0 31 101 Physiology Condition Mass MeanDailyMassGain -1 1 1.637000 NA NA NA Table 1 (direction from Fig 5) https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.370 NA NA NA NA NA 0.03 wilcoxan signed-ranks tests Baeolophus_bicolor
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 78 156 78.0 78.0 96 180 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance probability 1 1 0.131700 -0.182700 0.44590 0.0257000 Figure 2, then effect size calculator 0.9864460 0.0703100 NA NA 0.7658880 0.0661740 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA solitary Columbina_squammata
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 229 458 229.0 229.0 97 180 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance probability 1 1 0.445400 0.260000 0.63080 0.0090000 Figure 2, then effect size calculator 0.4335280 0.0570750 NA NA 0.7626460 0.0388770 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA group Columbina_squammata
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 78 156 78.0 78.0 96 181 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance freezing probability 1 1 0.478800 0.160500 0.79710 0.0264000 Figure 2, then effect size calculator 0.2844300 0.1208670 NA NA 0.7482320 0.1154710 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA solitary Columbina_squammata
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 78 156 78.0 78.0 96 181 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance take-off probability 1 1 -0.460200 -0.778200 -0.14220 0.0263000 Figure 3, then effect size calculator 0.3443850 0.0927640 NA NA 0.0000000 0.0758490 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA solitary Columbina_squammata
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 229 458 229.0 229.0 97 181 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance freezing probability 1 1 0.440500 0.255100 0.62590 0.0089000 Figure 2, then effect size calculator 0.2631730 0.0361520 NA NA 0.5588380 0.0512600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA group Columbina_squammata
517 KJM Amorim 2021 Scaled dove Columbina squammata NS NS Field A non-breeding within 5 minutes 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 229 458 229.0 229.0 97 181 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance take-off probability 1 1 0.044100 -0.139000 0.22730 0.0087000 Figure 3, then effect size calculator 0.0267380 0.0338320 NA NA 0.0502670 0.0365600 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA group Columbina_squammata
528 KJM Fernández 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V breeding within 30 min 0.0416667 during Blank both A 42 84 42.0 42.0 78 163 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to resume provisioning -1 -1 1.272700 0.803700 1.74170 0.0572610 Results section 2.1700000 0.2500000 NA 6.8900000 0.7800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
528 KJM Fernández 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 during NonPred both A 47 47 34.0 13.0 78 163 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to resume provisioning -1 -1 1.195900 0.512500 1.87920 0.1215490 Results section 2.7900000 0.6500000 NA 7.3600000 0.7400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
528 KJM Fernández 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 during NonPred M A 69 69 56.0 13.0 78 163 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning probability of not returning to provision -1 -1 2.301500 0.358800 4.24410 0.9824130 raw data from results to get proportion 0.0250000 NA NA 0.6250000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA males did not return in 35 out of 56 cases with predator Troglodytes_aedon
528 KJM Fernández 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V breeding among 30 min 0.0416667 during NonPred F A 69 69 56.0 13.0 78 163 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning probability of not returning to provision -1 -1 1.360300 -0.589500 3.31010 0.9897050 raw data from results to get proportion 0.0250000 NA NA 0.2321429 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA females did not return in 13 out of 56 cass with predator Troglodytes_aedon
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass MassChange -1 1 -0.232300 0.039117 24.00000 0.0955960 Fig1 -0.1987000 0.0471420 NA -0.2323000 0.0391170 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass MassChange -1 1 -2.299600 -3.028800 -1.57040 0.1384200 Fig1 0.1478440 0.0290870 NA -0.2323000 0.0391170 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 19 38 19.0 19.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 -0.086000 -0.722200 0.55020 0.1053600 Fig3a 1.0920000 0.1790000 NA 1.0210000 0.2090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 20 40 20.0 20.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.257500 -0.367800 0.87990 0.1008290 fig3b 0.7130000 0.1290000 NA 0.8780000 0.1630000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.190100 -0.416100 0.79630 0.0956680 fig3c 0.5680000 0.1090000 NA 0.6650000 0.1190000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 -0.215500 -0.822100 0.39110 0.0957910 fig3d 0.4860000 0.0830000 NA 0.4150000 0.0630000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after disturbance both A 19 38 19.0 19.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 -0.002500 -0.638400 0.63340 0.1052630 fig3e 1.6180000 0.3380000 NA 1.6150000 0.2090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 19 38 19.0 19.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.448600 -0.195200 1.09250 0.1079110 Fig3a 0.7050000 0.1070000 NA 1.0210000 0.2090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 20 40 20.0 20.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.622300 -0.012300 1.25690 0.1048410 fig3b 0.5190000 0.0920000 NA 0.8780000 0.1630000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.662400 0.041100 1.28360 0.1004610 fig3c 0.3550000 0.0880000 NA 0.6650000 0.1190000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 0.529300 -0.086100 1.14460 0.0985730 fig3d 0.2270000 0.0930000 NA 0.4150000 0.0630000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
533 JDAT Van Der Veen 2000 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella N Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab VM non-breeding within 1 min 0.0013889 after Blank both A 19 38 19.0 19.0 32 102 Physiology Condition Mass RateMassChange -1 1 1.703800 0.961400 2.44620 0.1434600 fig3e 0.3460000 0.1340000 NA 1.6150000 0.2090000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Emberiza_citrinella
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 during NonPred M A 27 27 14.0 13.0 127 234 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance vigilance: head turning 1 1 0.765200 -0.016800 1.54720 0.1592000 ES calculator based on exact p-value NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.947 NA NA NA NA 0.059 Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 during NonPred M A 14 NA 7.0 7.0 127 235 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity activity: hops/min - singles -1 1 -2.453700 -3.840700 -1.06680 0.5007440 Fig 2a + ES calculator 1.3509930 0.3178810 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 during NonPred M A 16 NA 8.0 8.0 127 235 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity activity: hops/min - groups -1 1 -0.678300 -1.686100 0.32950 0.2643780 Fig 2a + ES calculator 1.9072850 1.1324500 NA 0.4437090 0.2185430 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 after NonPred M A 14 NA 7.0 7.0 127 235 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity activity: hops/min - singles -1 1 -0.453800 -1.514800 0.60720 0.2930690 Fig 2a + ES calculator 0.2211921 0.1456950 NA 0.0993380 0.0529800 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 after NonPred M A 16 NA 8.0 8.0 127 235 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity activity: hops/min - groups -1 1 -0.926800 -1.958100 0.10440 0.2768450 Fig 2a + ES calculator 1.2516560 0.7218540 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 during NonPred M A 14 NA 7.0 7.0 127 237 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance antipredator response: freezing -singles 1 1 0.542300 -0.524400 1.60910 0.2621900 Fig 2c + ES calculator 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 8.3333330 8.8714290 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 during NonPred M A 16 NA 8.0 8.0 127 237 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance antipredator response: freezing - groups 1 1 0.801800 -0.216800 1.82040 0.2700890 Fig 2c + ES calculator 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 0.3571430 0.2380950 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 after NonPred M A 14 NA 7.0 7.0 127 237 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance antipredator response: freezing -singles 1 1 0.123300 -0.925300 1.17190 0.2862570 Fig 2c + ES calculator 7.3809520 2.2619050 NA 20.3571400 6.0714290 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
545 KJM Zoratto 2014 European starling Sturnus vulgaris N peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Bird A Lab V non-breeding among 3 minutes 0.0041667 after NonPred M A 16 NA 8.0 8.0 127 237 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance antipredator response: freezing - groups 1 1 1.881300 0.704400 3.05830 0.3606090 Fig 2c + ES calculator 5.2380950 3.8095240 NA 40.9523800 9.4047620 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sturnus_vulgaris
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 2.753800 1.386100 4.12160 0.4869830 Figure 3, means and se 48.2375000 30.0556000 NA 292.7644000 36.7347000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.990800 0.792400 3.18920 0.3738540 Figure 3, means and se 48.2375000 30.0556000 NA 244.8980000 43.4137000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.633200 0.501600 2.76490 0.3333580 Figure 3, means and se 48.2375000 30.0556000 NA 215.2134000 45.6400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Great horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.155600 0.097000 2.21420 0.2917310 Figure 3, means and se 48.2375000 30.0556000 NA 164.3785000 44.5269000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.011700 -0.029100 2.05250 0.2819860 Figure 3, means and se 48.2375000 30.0556000 NA 141.3729000 38.9611000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during Blank both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 4.260000 2.488300 6.03170 0.8171080 Figure 3, means and se 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 292.7644000 36.7347000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during Blank both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 3.015300 1.582800 4.44770 0.5341180 Figure 3, means and se 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 244.8980000 43.4137000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during Blank both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 2.520500 1.207900 3.83320 0.4485310 Figure 3, means and se 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 215.2134000 45.6400000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Great horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during Blank both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.973300 0.778400 3.16820 0.3716820 Figure 3, means and se 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 164.3785000 44.5269000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Bird A Field V non-breeding among 6 min 0.0083333 during Blank both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 91 173 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MobDuration 1 1 1.939500 0.751300 3.12780 0.3675580 Figure 3, means and se 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA 141.3729000 38.9611000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A non-breeding among 1 min 0.0013889 after NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 92 174 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResume -1 -1 3.045600 1.605500 4.48570 0.5398640 Figure 5, means and se 18.1193000 16.4206000 NA 120.3236000 7.2194000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
548 JDAT Courter 2010 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Bird A Field A non-breeding among 1 min 0.0013889 after NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 92 174 Behaviour Intake Foraging LatencyResume -1 -1 1.041200 -0.003000 2.08550 0.2838800 Figure 5, means and se 18.1193000 16.4206000 NA 58.6047000 12.7401000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Marsh tit Parus minor N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred F A 19 38 19.0 19.0 105 195 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation female nest attentiveness (time on nest) -1 1 -0.045900 -0.945300 0.85350 0.2106000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.010 NA NA NA NA 0.93 Parus_monticolus
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Oriental tit Poecile palustris N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred F A 21 42 21.0 21.0 106 195 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation female nest attentiveness -1 1 0.311700 -0.548900 1.17230 0.1928000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.510 NA NA NA NA 0.49 Parus_palustris
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Marsh tit Parus minor N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred F A 19 38 19.0 19.0 105 196 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation female feeding trips -1 -1 -0.267500 -1.170800 0.63580 0.2124000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.340 NA NA NA NA 0.57 Parus_monticolus
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Oriental tit Poecile palustris N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred F A 21 42 21.0 21.0 106 196 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation female feeding trips -1 -1 0.138000 -0.718400 0.99440 0.1909000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.100 NA NA NA NA 0.76 Parus_palustris
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Marsh tit Parus minor N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred M A 19 38 19.0 19.0 105 197 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation male incubation feeding trips -1 1 -1.006300 -1.960800 0.05180 0.2372000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.810 NA NA NA NA 0.04 Parus_monticolus
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Oriental tit Poecile palustris N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred M A 21 42 21.0 21.0 106 197 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation male incubation feeding trips -1 1 -0.549600 -1.418100 0.32440 0.1976000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.570 NA NA NA NA 0.23 Parus_palustris
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Marsh tit Parus minor N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 19 38 19.0 19.0 105 198 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance parental vigilance 1 1 0.045900 -0.853500 0.94530 0.2106000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.010 NA NA NA NA 0.98 Parus_monticolus
581 KJM Yoon 2017 Oriental tit Poecile palustris N Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hours 0.2500000 after NonPred both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 106 198 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance parental vigilance 1 1 -0.151200 -1.007800 0.70540 0.1910000 Table 1, ES calculator NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.120 NA NA NA NA 0.73 Parus_palustris
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank M A 8 16 8.0 8.0 e 6 Behaviour Intake Foraging proporion time foraging -1 1 -0.167500 -1.149200 0.81420 0.2508770 means and se provided in Table 3 0.3700000 0.2870000 NA 0.1700000 0.5700000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.642 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.033 paired males with their mates. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank F A 8 16 8.0 8.0 g 6 Behaviour Intake Foraging proportion time foraging -1 1 -0.360800 -1.348700 0.62710 0.2540680 means and se provided in Table 3 0.6120000 0.1730000 NA 0.4040000 0.2550000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.079 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.076 paired females with their mates. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank M A 3 6 3.0 3.0 f 6 Behaviour Intake Foraging proportion time foraging -1 1 -2.362600 -4.447700 -0.27740 1.1318080 means and se provided in Table 3 0.6880000 0.1610000 NA 0.2890000 0.0510000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.144 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.025 unpaired males. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank M A 8 16 8.0 8.0 e 6 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance proportion time vigilant 1 1 0.410300 -0.579900 1.40060 0.2552620 means and se provided in Table 3 0.4400000 0.2380000 NA 0.6700000 0.1820000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -3.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.013 paired males with their mates. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank F A 8 16 8.0 8.0 g 6 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance proportion time vigilant 1 1 0.589200 -0.411800 1.59030 0.2608500 means and se provided in Table 3 0.1680000 0.0660000 NA 0.5120000 0.3050000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -3.352 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.012 paired females with their mates. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
596 KJM Lou 2017 Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewesrzowi N goshawk Accipiter gentilis Bird A Field A breeding within 10 minutes 0.0138889 after Blank M A 3 6 3.0 3.0 f 6 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance proportion time vigilant 1 1 2.776000 1.402900 4.14910 0.4908190 means and se provided in Table 3 0.3740000 0.2010000 NA 0.6290000 0.0540000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -7.27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.018 unpaired males. Before playback = control, after playback = treatment Bonasa_sewerzowi
600 KJM Randler 2006 Eurasian coot Fulica atra NS NS Field A non-breeding among 30 seconds 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 28 28 18.0 10.0 121 227 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance time spent vigilant 1 1 1.569800 0.694200 2.44530 0.1995580 Fig 1, ES calculator 5.0424930 0.8498580 NA 16.4606700 2.1348310 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fulica_atra
600 KJM Randler 2006 Eurasian coot Fulica atra NS NS Field A non-breeding among 30 seconds 0.0069444 after NonPred both A 28 28 18.0 10.0 121 227 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance time spent vigilant 1 1 0.733000 -0.063500 1.52950 0.1651500 Fig 1, ES calculator 5.8356940 1.1331440 NA 10.3370800 1.7415730 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fulica_atra
632 KJM Gerard 2015 Wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificu N rat Ratus ratus Mammal N Field O breeding within 7.5 minutes 0.0104167 during disturbance both A 100 200 100.0 100.0 t 31 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance predator avoidance (choice test) 1 1 -0.132500 -0.565500 0.30050 0.0488100 calculated from raw counts in text using frequency distribution tab in ES calculator: 23 of 45, 7 or 15, and 23 of 40 chose control arm (not predator scent) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Puffinus_pacificus
637 KJM Adelman 2017 House finch Haemorhous mexicanus N Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperi Bird A Lab A non-breeding within 1 hour 0.0013889 after NonPred both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 95 179 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity Movement (sum of head turns, hops, flights) -1 1 -0.277900 -1.081900 0.52610 0.1683000 main text NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -5.27000 7.5000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.490 NA NA NA NA 0.48 Could not use data from visual experiment because summary data didn't allow calcualtion of effect size. Carpodacus_mexicanus
673 JDAT Dessborn 2012 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos N Northern Pike Esox lucius Fish A Lab OV non-breeding within 20 min 0.0277778 after Blank both J 80 160 80.0 80.0 90 172 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Change in area use 1 -1 0.173000 -0.137500 0.48350 0.0250940 Result section 3.2 5.3000000 1.1700000 NA 8.0000000 2.1900000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -0.91 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.38 Anas_platyrhynchos
673 JDAT Dessborn 2012 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos N American Mink Neovison vison Mammal N Lab L breeding within 22 min 0.0277778 after Blank both J 64 160 64.0 64.0 90 172 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance Change in area use 1 -1 -0.357100 -0.706400 -0.00790 0.0317480 Result section 3.2 5.8800000 1.2900000 NA 2.7500000 0.8800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.78 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.1 Anas_platyrhynchos
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 141 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling rate 1 1 1.181200 0.314000 2.04830 0.1957320 means and se from figure 2a 0.9661000 0.3487000 NA 6.6029000 2.0048000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.23 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 141 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling rate 1 1 1.187900 0.320000 2.05580 0.1960650 means and se from figure 2a 0.9661000 0.3487000 NA 5.7603000 1.6852000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.06 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 141 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling rate 1 1 1.055400 0.201400 1.90940 0.1898720 means and se from figure 2a 0.9661000 0.3487000 NA 3.9007000 1.1332000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.05 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.044 Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AVM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 141 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling rate 1 1 1.640500 0.715500 2.56550 0.2227360 means and se from figure 2a 0.9661000 0.3487000 NA 5.2082000 1.0460000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.85 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 142 Behaviour Intake Foraging Foraging rate -1 1 -0.664300 -2.592700 -0.73590 0.2243730 means and se from figure 2b 0.7808000 0.0295000 NA 0.3344000 0.1105000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -4.83 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 142 Behaviour Intake Foraging Foraging rate -1 1 -4.585000 -6.109100 -3.06100 0.6046340 means and se from figure 2b 0.7808000 0.0295000 NA 0.1002000 0.0560000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -8.24 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 142 Behaviour Intake Foraging Foraging rate -1 1 -2.557000 -3.635600 -1.47830 0.3028780 means and se from figure 2b 0.7808000 0.0295000 NA 0.1797000 0.0958000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -7.38 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AVM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 142 Behaviour Intake Foraging Foraging rate -1 1 -2.635500 -3.729200 -1.54180 0.3113710 means and se from figure 2b 0.7808000 0.0295000 NA 0.2048000 0.0884000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -7.17 NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field V non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 143 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance scanning rate 1 1 0.143600 -0.657500 0.94480 0.1670970 means and se from figure 2c 0.1777000 0.0308000 NA 0.2134000 0.1014000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.18 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.856 Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field VM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 143 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance scanning rate 1 1 -0.048100 -0.848300 0.75220 0.1667150 means and se from figure 2c 0.1777000 0.0308000 NA 0.1696000 0.0649000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.54 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.593 Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AV non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 143 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance scanning rate 1 1 0.177300 -0.624400 0.97910 0.1673220 means and se from figure 2c 0.1777000 0.0308000 NA 0.2037000 0.0544000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.72 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.471 Parus_caeruleus
679 KJM Carlson 2017 blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Field AVM non-breeding within 30 minutes 0.0416667 during disturbance both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 147 143 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance scanning rate 1 1 0.051100 -0.749200 0.85130 0.1667210 means and se from figure 2c 0.1777000 0.0308000 NA 0.1890000 0.0892000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.84 Parus_caeruleus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 9 18 9.0 9.0 21 83 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 -3.185300 -4.576900 -1.79380 0.5040650 Fig1a - dstance 0 4.2059000 0.5926790 NA 0.0639000 0.0267350 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 21 83 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 -2.251100 -3.431900 -1.07030 0.3629840 fig 1a - distnace 6 2.7631000 0.6137240 NA 0.0000000 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Merlin Falco columbarius Bird A Field V non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 21 83 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 -1.828700 -2.928900 -0.72850 0.3151170 figure 1a -distance 10 2.1828000 0.5787240 NA 0.0639000 0.0267350 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 9 18 9.0 9.0 21 84 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 0.797300 -0.162700 1.75720 0.2398790 Fig1b-distance 0 3.5326000 0.5892350 NA 4.7554000 0.4907910 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 21 84 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 -0.017800 -0.941700 0.90620 0.2222310 figure 1b - distance 6 2.6033000 0.6197190 NA 2.5761000 0.4491840 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A non-breeding within 5 min 0.0069444 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 21 84 Behaviour Intake Foraging NFeederVisitsPerIndividual -1 1 -0.789200 -1.748500 0.17000 0.2395250 figure1b - distance 10 3.1033000 0.5795410 NA 1.0976000 0.4173210 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA used number of feeders as sample size Parus_atricapillus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding within 2 min 0.0069444 during NonPred M A 18 36 18.0 18.0 22 85 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropApproachSpeaker 1 1 -0.143500 -0.797700 0.51070 0.1113970 figure 2- gap 0.7638000 0.0968370 NA 0.7096000 0.0860460 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA sample size not specied for each bar - use minimum sample size of 18 Vireo_olivaceus
680 JDAT/KJM Desrochers 2002 Red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Field A breeding within 2 min 0.0069444 during NonPred M A 18 36 18.0 18.0 22 85 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropApproachSpeaker 1 1 0.441400 -0.219800 1.10270 0.1138170 figure 2- woodland 0.8346000 0.0860460 NA 0.9540000 0.0346940 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA sample size not specied for each bar - use minimum sample size of 18 Vireo_olivaceus
691 KJM Schneider 2015 Brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla N collared sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus Bird A Field AV breeding within 45 minutes 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 22 44 22.0 22.0 125 292 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 -0.641800 -1.247800 -0.03580 0.0955900 estimate and se in table 1 3.7000000 0.8500000 NA 1.2000000 0.8500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -2.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.004 Acanthiza_pusilla
691 KJM Schneider 2015 Brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla N grey currawong Strepera versicolor Bird N Field AV breeding within 45 minutes 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 22 44 22.0 22.0 125 292 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning rate -1 1 -0.641800 -1.247800 -0.03580 0.0955900 estimate and se in table 1 3.7000000 0.8500000 NA 1.2000000 0.8500000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.003 Acanthiza_pusilla
691 KJM Schneider 2015 Brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla N collared sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus Bird A Field AV breeding within 45 minutes 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 22 44 22.0 22.0 125 293 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling: number of calls per 45 min 1 1 1.921400 1.207000 2.63580 0.1328600 estimate and se in main text 40.8000000 7.7000000 NA 222.2000000 28.1000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Acanthiza_pusilla
691 KJM Schneider 2015 Brown thornbill Acanthiza pusilla N grey currawong Strepera versicolor Bird N Field AV breeding within 45 minutes 0.0625000 during NonPred both A 22 44 22.0 22.0 125 293 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing alarm calling: number of calls per 45 min 1 1 0.922500 0.300900 1.54410 0.1005790 estimate and se in main text 40.1000000 7.7000000 NA 151.9000000 36.6000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Acanthiza_pusilla
700 KJM Martinez 2021 Bluish-slate antshrike Thamnomanes schisogynus N NS Field A non-breeding among 30 seconds 0.0006944 during NonPred both A 16 16 8.0 8.0 132 294 Behaviour AntiPredator Vigilance latency to respond to treatment 1 -1 -0.955300 -1.989600 0.07910 0.2785000 calculated from raw data 30.0000000 NA 0.0000000 21.1250000 NA 13.1386800 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Thamnomanes_schistogynus
724 KJM Noguera 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis N American mink Neovison vison Mammal N Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both E 49 49 24.0 25.0 112 210 LifeHistory Phenology DevelopmentalTime development rate: time to hatching 1 1 0.482300 -0.085900 1.05050 0.0840410 Fig 2 27.6797800 0.3651690 NA 28.3820200 0.2247190 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.800 NA NA NA NA 0.036 Larus_michahellis
724 KJM Noguera 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis N American mink Neovison vison Mammal N Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both E 44 44 22.0 22.0 112 211 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone plasma costicosterone 1 1 0.619300 0.014400 1.22430 0.0952680 Fig 2 26.2500000 2.9531250 NA 35.1093800 3.2812500 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Larus_michahellis
724 KJM Noguera 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis N American mink Neovison vison Mammal N Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both E 39 39 20.0 19.0 112 212 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance antipredator response: time to crouch 1 -1 -0.747400 -1.396800 -0.09800 0.1100000 Fig 2 16.8750000 3.7500000 NA 4.4531250 3.9843750 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Larus_michahellis
724 KJM Noguera 2019 Yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis N American mink Neovison vison Mammal N Field A breeding among 7 days 7.0000000 after Blank both E 40 40 20.0 20.0 112 213 Physiology Condition Growth tarsus length -1 1 -0.359900 -0.984700 0.26490 0.1016190 Fig 3 32.2372200 0.4395220 NA 31.6512000 0.2930150 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Larus_michahellis
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation latencency to resume incubation -1 -1 -0.180800 -0.982600 0.62100 0.1673470 means and se from Fig 1 10.8586100 1.8920310 NA 9.8914650 11.3573260 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation latencency to resume incubation -1 -1 -0.714300 -1.539400 0.11100 0.1772950 means and se from Fig 1 10.8586100 1.8920310 NA 7.6915170 1.3161950 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation latencency to resume incubation -1 -1 0.277500 -0.526500 1.08150 0.1682710 means and se from Fig 1 10.8586100 1.8920310 NA 12.6683800 2.4267350 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation incubation bout length -1 1 -0.597600 -1.415400 0.22020 0.1741070 means and se from Fig 1 49.7186700 7.3657290 NA 38.3631700 3.3759590 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation incubation bout length -1 1 -0.970100 -1.816000 -0.12420 0.1827300 means and se from Fig 1 49.7186700 7.3657290 NA 29.7682000 4.7570330 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 295 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation incubation bout length -1 1 -0.414500 -1.223200 0.39420 0.1702460 means and se from Fig 1 49.7186700 7.3657290 NA 40.2046000 6.4450130 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to return to nest (nestling phase) -1 -1 0.445300 -0.364700 1.25530 0.1707980 means and sefrom Fig 2 6.8262410 0.8687940 NA 8.2535460 1.0549650 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to nest -1 -1 -0.180500 -0.982300 0.62130 0.1673450 means and sefrom Fig 2 6.8262410 0.8687940 NA 6.6277300 0.9929080 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to nest -1 -1 1.093800 0.235900 1.95170 0.1915910 means and sefrom Fig 2 6.8262410 0.8687940 NA 14.0248200 2.6684400 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to nest -1 -1 0.154200 -0.682800 0.99120 0.1823590 means and sefrom Fig 2 18.5549600 4.6542550 NA 20.6648900 3.9716310 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to nest -1 -1 -0.510800 -1.360100 0.33840 0.1877490 means and sefrom Fig 2 18.5549600 4.6542550 NA 11.7907800 3.6613480 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 296 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to return to nest -1 -1 0.595700 -0.258300 1.44980 0.1898840 means and sefrom Fig 2 18.5549600 4.6542550 NA 27.9255300 5.2748230 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 297 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation brooding length (min) -1 1 -0.171500 -0.973100 0.63010 0.1672790 means and sefrom Fig 2 20.5029600 5.0591720 NA 17.9289900 4.3934910 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 297 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation brooding length (min) -1 1 -0.502000 -1.314600 0.31070 0.1719160 means and sefrom Fig 2 20.5029600 5.0591720 NA 13.5798800 3.5946750 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 297 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation brooding length (min) -1 1 -0.392900 -1.200700 0.41500 0.1698820 means and sefrom Fig 2 20.5029600 5.0591720 NA 14.6893500 4.2603550 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.368000 -0.438900 1.17490 0.1694880 means and se from fig 3 2.5818580 0.6438050 NA 3.4048670 0.7035400 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.351200 -0.455100 1.15750 0.1692360 means and se from Fig 3 2.5818580 0.6438050 NA 3.2389380 0.4712390 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred F A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.039000 -0.761200 0.83920 0.1666980 means and se from Fig 3 2.5818580 0.6438050 NA 2.6548670 0.4712390 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Bird N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.065900 -0.770100 0.90180 0.1891700 means and se from Fig 3 2.2433630 0.3384960 NA 2.3296460 0.4778760 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Mammal N Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.459100 -0.387600 1.30570 0.1866080 means and se from Fig 3 2.2433630 0.3384960 NA 2.9070800 0.5508550 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
770 KJM Schaef 2012 Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina N Coopers Hawk Accipiter cooperii Bird A Field A breeding within 10.5 minutes 0.0145833 during NonPred M A 12 24 12.0 12.0 123 298 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioni rate (feeds per hour) -1 1 0.310600 -0.530100 1.15140 0.1840110 means and se from Fig 3 2.2433630 0.3384960 NA 2.6615040 0.4977880 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Wilsonia_citrina
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 58 58 29.0 29.0 114 299 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance nest site selection 1 -1 -0.135000 -0.650300 0.38030 0.0691000 unstandardized regression coefficient NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.61000 0.6000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.01 NA NA NA 0.32 Falco_sparverius
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 16 16 7.0 9.0 114 300 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate clutch initiation date 1 1 1.580200 0.450900 2.70950 0.3319980 means and se from table 3 138.2700000 1.7800000 NA 145.9400000 1.9600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.600 NA NA NA NA 0.01 Falco_sparverius
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 16 16 7.0 9.0 114 301 LifeHistory reproduction ClutchSize clutch size -1 1 1.531700 0.410400 2.65300 0.3272830 means and se from table 3 4.2500000 0.2100000 NA 5.1400000 0.2300000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.520 NA NA NA NA 0.03 Falco_sparverius
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 16 16 7.0 9.0 114 301 LifeHistory reproduction EggSize mean egg volume -1 1 0.217700 -0.772900 1.20840 0.2554500 means and se from table 3 14.2300000 0.3300000 NA 14.4400000 0.4100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.160 NA NA NA NA 0.7 Falco_sparverius
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 16 16 7.0 9.0 114 302 LifeHistory reproduction Nestlings hatching success -1 1 0.069500 -0.918500 1.05760 0.2541190 means and se from table 3 0.4700000 0.1500000 NA 0.5000000 0.1800000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.010 NA NA NA NA 0.93 Falco_sparverius
772 KJM Greenwood 2011 American kestrel Falco sparverius N Red Squirrel, Great Spotted Woodpecker Sciurus vulgaris Mammal N Field A breeding among weeks 65.0000000 during Blank both A 16 16 7.0 9.0 114 303 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation % of time off nest -1 -1 0.048100 -0.939800 1.03600 0.2540410 means and se from table 3 7.1000000 2.1000000 NA 7.4000000 2.7000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.010 NA NA NA NA 0.95 Falco_sparverius
774 KJM Ibanez-Alamo 2017 Common blackbird Turdus merula N black-billed magpie Pica pica Bird N Field A breeding within 3 hrs 0.2500000 during disturbance both A 26 52 26.0 26.0 115 304 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning nest visit rate -1 1 -1.156600 -1.743900 -0.56930 0.0898000 F statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 17.390 NA NA NA NA 0.0004 Turdus_merula
849 JDAT Hetrick 2012 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Lab L non-breeding within 2 min 0.0027778 during Blank both A 15 15 5.0 10.0 65 160 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropResponse 1 1 2.243400 -0.929500 5.41630 2.6207110 use binary proportions calculator based on raw data in text 0.4000000 NA NA 0.9750000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
849 JDAT Hetrick 2012 Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Lab L non-breeding within 2 min 0.0027778 during Blank both A 15 15 5.0 10.0 65 160 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropResponse 1 1 0.987800 -0.407200 2.38290 0.5066060 use binary proportions calculator based on raw data in text 0.4000000 NA NA 0.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Baeolophus_bicolor
849 JDAT Hetrick 2012 Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis N Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio Bird A Lab A non-breeding among 3 min 0.0027778 after NonPred both A 30 30 10.0 20.0 66 160 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropResponse 1 1 0.467100 -0.544300 1.47860 0.2663300 use binary proportions calculator based on raw data in text 0.5000000 NA NA 0.7000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_carolinensis
849 JDAT Hetrick 2012 Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis N Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Bird A Lab A non-breeding among 3 min 0.0027778 after NonPred both A 30 30 10.0 20.0 66 160 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing PropResponse 1 1 0.764300 -0.329700 1.85830 0.3115630 use binary proportions calculator based on raw data in text 0.5000000 NA NA 0.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Parus_carolinensis
885 KJM Bautista 2000 Coal tit Parus ater N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Lab A non-breeding within 8 days 8.0000000 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 109 203 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Activity activity: hops/min -1 1 0.111200 -0.869600 1.09190 0.2503860 Text, ES calculator Tab 8 10.4000000 3.3000000 NA 11.3000000 2.8000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 23.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.55 Parus_ater
885 KJM Bautista 2000 Coal tit Parus ater N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Lab A non-breeding within 8 days 8.0000000 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 109 204 Behaviour Intake Foraging daily food intake (g) -1 1 0.970600 -0.065400 2.00670 0.2794430 Table 1, ES calculator Tab 8 2.1200000 0.1300000 NA 2.3800000 0.0600000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 31.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.078 Parus_ater
885 KJM Bautista 2000 Coal tit Parus ater N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Lab A non-breeding within 8 days 8.0000000 during Blank both A 8 16 8.0 8.0 109 205 Physiology Condition Mass evening body mass (g) -1 1 0.350000 -0.637200 1.33780 0.0253835 Table 1, ES calculator Tab 8 9.6800000 0.3000000 NA 9.8900000 0.2100000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.039 Parus_ater
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 22 44 22.0 22.0 10 62 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -1.252000 -1.898300 -0.60580 0.1087000 Fig4 15.7509000 NA 5.5174000 9.2720000 NA 4.8077000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Halobaena_caerulea
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 22 66 22.0 22.0 10 63 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -1.063200 -1.606200 -0.52020 0.0767000 Fig4 15.7509000 NA 6.5934000 9.2720000 NA 4.8077000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Halobaena_caerulea
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 15 30 15.0 15.0 11 64 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -1.343200 -2.135500 -0.55100 0.1634000 Fig4 18.4150000 NA 5.8789000 11.6427000 NA 4.0345000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pachyptila_belcheri
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 15 45 15.0 15.0 11 65 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -1.113800 -1.775000 -0.45270 0.1138000 Fig4 18.5014000 NA 5.6773000 11.6427000 NA 4.0345000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pachyptila_belcheri
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Common diving petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 12 66 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.706500 -1.289700 -0.12340 0.0885000 Fig4 4.7816000 NA 2.4751000 3.1724000 NA 2.0613000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pelecanoides_urinatrix
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Common diving petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 24 72 24.0 24.0 12 67 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.672100 -1.174300 -0.17000 0.0656000 Fig4 4.3602000 NA 2.4061000 3.1724000 NA 2.0613000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pelecanoides_urinatrix
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 14 28 14.0 14.0 13 68 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.604600 -1.362200 0.15290 0.1494000 Fig4 7.0710000 NA 3.3468000 5.2089000 NA 2.7870000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pachyptila_desolata
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 14 42 14.0 14.0 13 69 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.426400 -1.074400 0.22160 0.1093000 Fig4 6.7424000 NA 3.4807000 5.2089000 NA 2.7870000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pachyptila_desolata
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 South Georgia diving-petrel Pelecanoides georgicus N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 21 42 21.0 21.0 14 70 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.530100 -1.145500 0.08530 0.0986000 Fig4 16.7885000 NA 4.3616000 14.6199000 NA 3.8012000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pelecanoides_georgicus
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 South Georgia diving-petrel Pelecanoides georgicus N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 21 63 21.0 21.0 14 71 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.096500 -0.620600 0.42760 0.0715000 Fig4 14.3031000 NA 3.7768000 14.6199000 NA 3.8012000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pelecanoides_georgicus
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 White-headed petrel Pterodroma lessonii N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 24 48 24.0 24.0 15 72 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 0.103700 -0.462500 0.66990 0.0834000 Fig4 6.7771000 NA 4.4458000 7.2289000 NA 4.2651000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pterodroma_lessonii
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 White-headed petrel Pterodroma lessonii N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 24 72 24.0 24.0 15 73 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.021300 -0.511300 0.46870 0.0625000 Fig4 7.4096000 NA 4.2651000 7.2289000 NA 4.2651000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pterodroma_lessonii
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Wilson's storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during Blank both A 20 40 20.0 20.0 16 74 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.382600 -1.008000 0.24290 0.1018000 Fig4 1.2017000 NA 0.8988000 0.8389000 NA 0.9953000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Oceanites_oceanicus
903 JDAT Mougeot 2000 Wilson's storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus N Brown Skua Catharacta antarctica lönnbergi, Bird N Field A breeding among 22 min 0.0305556 during NonPred both A 20 60 20.0 20.0 16 75 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship NMateAttractionCalls -1 1 -0.052800 -0.589600 0.48400 0.0750000 Fig4 0.9521000 NA 0.9487000 0.8389000 NA 0.9953000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Oceanites_oceanicus
904 JDAT Randler 2011 Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field A non-breeding among 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 39 120 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing MinDistance 1 -1 -1.920800 -2.888000 -0.95360 0.2435290 data extracted from Fig2, mean and se calculated in EXCEL 19.5456700 1.5223830 NA 10.9891400 1.1359770 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fringilla_coelebs
904 JDAT Randler 2011 Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs N Tawny Owl Strix aluco Bird A Field A non-breeding among 5 min 0.0069444 during NonPred both A 24 24 12.0 12.0 39 121 Behaviour AntiPredator Mobbing NIndividualsAttracted 1 1 1.057600 0.203300 1.91180 0.1899680 data extracted from Fig2, mean and se calculated in EXCEL 0.5101000 0.1294360 NA 1.1623230 0.2289100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Fringilla_coelebs
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 American robin Turdus migratorius N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 67 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.523200 -4.039600 -1.00680 0.5986050 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.6303985 0.1098218 NA -0.9309555 0.6325574 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_migratorius
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 American robin Turdus migratorius N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 67 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.624500 -4.168200 -1.08080 0.6203400 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.7460763 0.1266285 NA -0.9309555 0.6325574 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_migratorius
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Pacific-slope flycatcher Empidonax difficilis N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 68 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.494600 -5.293500 -1.69590 0.8421720 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.6695153 0.1513561 NA 1.3174212 0.1905231 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Empidonax_difficilis
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Pacific-slope flycatcher Empidonax difficilis N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 68 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.239300 -3.682600 -0.79600 0.5422640 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.2717052 0.1906442 NA 1.3174212 0.1905231 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Empidonax_difficilis
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 69 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.048700 -3.446000 -0.65150 0.5082200 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.6379460 0.1435415 NA -0.7154131 0.7121754 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Junco_hyemalis
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 69 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.044900 -3.441300 -0.64860 0.5075700 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.6667453 0.1887331 NA -0.7154131 0.7121754 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Junco_hyemalis
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Euler's flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 70 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -1.784200 -3.122100 -0.44630 0.4659690 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.6844708 0.2404052 NA 1.8691054 0.1604519 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Lathrotriccus_euleri
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Euler's flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 70 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.187600 -3.618100 -0.75700 0.5327250 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.8010267 0.2161728 NA 1.8691054 0.1604519 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Lathrotriccus_euleri
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Northern house wren Troglodytes aedon aedon N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 71 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.308600 -4.920900 -1.69640 0.6766830 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.8832753 0.0649273 NA 1.7752910 0.1821127 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Northern house wren Troglodytes aedon aedon N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 14 14 7.0 7.0 71 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.050000 -3.343900 -0.75610 0.4358020 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.5077217 0.0968807 NA 1.7752910 0.1821127 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Orange-crowned warbler Oreothlypis celata N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 7 14 7.0 7.0 72 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.025800 -4.560000 -1.49170 0.6127050 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.9403652 0.0810667 NA -0.8399839 0.5242774 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Orange-crowned warbler Oreothlypis celata N Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 14 14 7.0 7.0 72 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.865800 -4.357200 -1.37440 0.5790210 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.8911944 0.1670140 NA -0.8399839 0.5242774 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermivora_celata
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Rufous-bellied thrush Turdus rufiventris N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 5 10 5.0 5.0 73 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.457600 -0.409970 -0.81540 0.7019890 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.8088255 0.1260626 NA -0.6566295 0.6980768 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_rufiventris
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Rufous-bellied thrush Turdus rufiventris N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 11 11 5.0 6.0 73 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.663500 -4.290600 -1.03650 0.6891360 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.8464706 0.0778620 NA -0.6566295 0.6980768 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Turdus_rufiventris
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Saffron-billed sparrow Arremon flavirostris N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 74 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.236500 -4.956100 -1.51690 0.7697880 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.7296516 0.0940350 NA 0.5484454 0.2108009 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Arremon_flavirostris
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Saffron-billed sparrow Arremon flavirostris N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 74 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -2.411200 -3.898200 -0.92430 0.5755850 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.6434443 0.1950760 NA 0.5484454 0.2108009 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Arremon_flavirostris
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 6 12 6.0 6.0 75 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -1.172000 -2.396900 0.05280 0.3957000 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.3496763 0.2179511 NA 0.9411339 0.7281554 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Southern house wren Troglodytes aedon musculus N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 12 12 6.0 6.0 75 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -1.199200 -2.428300 0.02990 0.3932510 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 2.3766323 0.2073062 NA 0.9411339 0.7281554 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Troglodytes_aedon
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Two-banded warbler Basileuterus bivittatus N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding within 90 min 0.1250000 during Blank both A 4 8 4.0 4.0 76 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.635400 -5.892300 -1.37840 1.3259920 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.7119541 0.0827136 NA 0.5159900 0.2555594 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Basileuterus_bivittatus
103/911 JDAT Ghalambor 2013 Two-banded warbler Basileuterus bivittatus N Plush-capped Jay Cyanocorax chrysops Bird N Field A breeding among 90 min 0.1250000 during NonPred both A 9 9 4.0 5.0 76 161 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning FeedingVisitsPerHour -1 1 -3.740600 -5.911900 -1.56920 1.2273260 Dryad data file to calculate means and se 1.7233800 0.0940491 NA 0.5159900 0.2555594 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Basileuterus_bivittatus
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred both N 109 109 51.0 58.0 118 221 Physiology Condition Growth structural body size (ignore EP status) -1 1 0.036600 -0.339600 0.41290 0.0368550 means and se from raw data: PCA of structural size (smaller PCA = larger chick) -0.1606000 0.2380000 NA -0.0933000 0.2660000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA assumed half of young were EPP (total 109) Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred both N 109 109 51.0 58.0 118 221 Physiology Condition Growth growth (change in body mass, g) -1 1 0.041700 -0.334600 0.41800 0.0368570 means and se from raw data 0.0152000 0.1650000 NA 0.0684000 0.1850000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA assumed half of young were EPP (total 109) Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred both N 74 74 33.0 41.0 118 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone baseline CORT 1 1 -0.013300 -0.471700 0.44510 0.0546940 means and se from raw data 0.0237700 0.3070000 NA -0.0018200 0.3360000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred both N 77 77 37.0 40.0 118 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone stress CORT 1 1 0.007600 -0.439500 0.45460 0.0520270 means and se from raw data 0.0304000 0.2740000 NA 0.0436000 0.2950000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred F A 114 114 68.0 66.0 119 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone baseline CORT 1 1 -0.216700 -0.556400 0.12290 0.0300330 means and se from raw data 0.1540000 0.1340000 NA -0.0940000 0.1470000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred F A 119 119 68.0 66.0 119 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone stress CORT 1 1 0.078300 -0.260500 0.41710 0.0298800 means and se from raw data -0.0275000 0.1450000 NA 0.0674000 0.1530000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred M A 46 46 21.0 25.0 119 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone baseline CORT 1 1 -0.674900 -1.271200 -0.07860 0.0925700 means and se from raw data 0.2780000 0.2020000 NA -0.3800000 0.2140000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred M A 45 45 21.0 24.0 119 222 Physiology Hormones Corticosterone stress CORT 1 1 -0.066800 -0.652600 0.51900 0.0893350 means and se from raw data 0.0404000 0.2010000 NA -0.0252000 0.2240000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred both A 32 32 14.0 18.0 119 223 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning -1 1 0.118700 -0.580400 0.81770 0.1272000 t-statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.12871 0.3861000 NA NA NA NA 0.333 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.7416 Tachycineta_bicolor
34/906 KJM Hallinger 2020 Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Y mixed N Field V breeding among weeks (32, 34 and 41 days in each of 3 years, use average) 35.0000000 after NonPred F A 58 58 30.0 28.0 119 224 LifeHistory Phenology LayDate lay date after treatment 1 1 0.099300 -0.416000 0.61470 0.0691000 t-statistic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.22916 0.2579900 NA NA NA NA 0.888 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.378 Tachycineta_bicolor
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred F A 20 40 20.0 20.0 125 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to resume provisioning -1 -1 -0.530000 -1.170000 0.13000 0.1034380 direct from raw data on dryad 25.1945000 4.9931020 NA 15.5447370 3.2715140 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 20 40 20.0 20.0 126 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning latency to resume provisioning -1 -1 0.050000 -0.600000 0.71000 0.1000330 direct from raw data on dryad 21.5731580 4.1805960 NA 22.3482350 2.5980460 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred F A 20 40 20.0 20.0 125 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning nesting visits -1 1 -0.100000 -0.720000 0.52000 0.1001290 direct from raw data on dryad 4.1000000 0.4285840 NA 3.9000000 0.4751731 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 20 40 20.0 20.0 126 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning nesting visits -1 1 -0.300000 -0.930000 0.33000 0.1011450 direct from raw data on dryad 4.0000000 0.5281547 NA 3.3500000 0.4546543 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred F A 20 40 20.0 20.0 125 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning: food load -1 1 -0.280000 -0.900000 0.35000 0.1017100 direct from raw data on dryad 32.4000000 5.1331740 NA 26.5000000 4.5075960 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 20 40 20.0 20.0 126 231 Behaviour ParentalCare Provisioning provisioning: food load -1 1 -0.370000 -1.000000 0.27000 0.1017490 direct from raw data on dryad 34.3000000 5.4420870 NA 26.5500000 4.0759080 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred F A 20 40 20.0 20.0 125 232 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: time brooding -1 1 0.370000 -0.260000 1.00000 0.1017490 direct from raw data on dryad 18.3500000 5.7037180 NA 27.8125000 5.9027380 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 20 40 20.0 20.0 126 232 Behaviour ParentalCare Incubation parental care: time attending to nest -1 1 -0.290000 -0.910000 0.34000 0.1010270 direct from raw data on dryad 2.9682500 0.7659193 NA 2.0800500 0.6515710 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
69/907 KJM de Moraes 2020 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N guira cuckoo Guira guira Bird N Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 20 40 20.0 20.0 126 233 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship courtship: displays to females -1 1 -0.690000 -1.370000 0.01000 0.1052560 direct from raw data on dryad 0.5312448 0.0822873 NA 0.2759104 0.0977236 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Volatinia_jacarina
81/909 KJM Coomes 2021 Great tit Parus major N sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Bird A Lab V non-breeding within 1/2 day each 0.5000000 during Blank both A 35 130 65.0 65.0 108 305 Behaviour AntiPredator Avoidance foraging: number of food choices during detour trial, higher value = higher avoidance 1 1 -0.215200 -0.560000 0.12960 0.0309470 means and se from LMER using data in DRYAD 6.8501000 0.6944000 NA 5.6441000 0.7082000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.741 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0848 Parus_major
907/245 KJM de Moraes 2019 Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina N aplomado falcon Falco femoralis Bird A Field A breeding within 2 hours 0.1666667 after NonPred M A 29 766 29.0 29.0 124 230 Behaviour CostlyBehaviours Courtship courtship: duration of courtship leaps -1 1 0.060300 -0.081400 0.20190 0.0052000 calculated t-statistic using raw data NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.88880 1.0660000 NA NA NA NA 0.834 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.405 Volatinia_jacarina
Code 
# meta-data for it
kable(meta_dat, "html", escape = FALSE) %>% kable_styling("striped", position = "left", full_width = TRUE) %>% 
   column_spec(2, width_min = "3in") %>% 
   column_spec(3, width_min = "6in") %>% 
  scroll_box(width = "100%", 
    height = "500px")
ColumnID Description Allowed.values..details
RecNo Reference number from EndNote library
ExtractedBy who extracted data from primary source KJM or JDAT
Author First Author's Last Name
Year Publication year
FocalSpC Common name of focal species
FocalSpL Scientific name of focal species
MultiplePred Is the study using multiple species of predators at the same time? (Y = Yes or N = No) Y = Yes, N = No, NS = Not specified (e.g., if mobbing calls used as treatment, and context they were recorded in is not known)
PredSpC Common name of predator species leave blank if multiple species included in treatment, or if predator species unknown (e.g., context of mobbing calls not provided)
PredSpL Scientific name of predator species leave blank if multiple species included in treatment, or if predator species unknown (e.g., context of mobbing calls not provided)
PredGuild Guild of predator used in experiment Bird (including if multiple species of birds), Mammal (including if multiple species of mammals), Reptile (including if multiple species of reptile), Fish, mix (if multiple species of different guilds), NS (if not specified)
PredTo indicates whether the predator a threat to adults or nestlings/eggs A = adults, N = nestlings/eggs, B = both (because manipulation involved mutiple types of predators)
Setting Context under which the experiment was carried out Field, Lab, Semi-Natural (e.g., outdoor aviary)
Treatment Type of cue used to increase the perceived predation A = acoustic, O = olfactory, V= visual, M = slow movement (always modifier to V), G = fast movement (e.g., gliding, always modifier to V). Each of these treatment categories can be alone or combined. L = live predator (experimental presentation of live predator, e.g., in cage or via falconer). P (visual with dead prey)
Season Phenology of the focal species during the experiment breeding, non-breeding, migration
Design Form of comparison of study. among (i.e., comparison among groups), within (i.e., within-subject comparison such as before/after), both (within and among comparisons pooled in study and could not be separated)
TreatmentDuration Duration of treatments from start to finish. E.g., if playbacks were 3 minutes twice a day for 3 days, duration = 3 days. NUMBER in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months.
Duration_days treatment duration expressed in number of days. If treatment was
ControlType Type of control used in the experiment Blank = no control, NonPred = NonPredator, disturbance = control for disturbance associated ith treatment (e.g., =control for human approach and/or non-biological aspects of treatment (e.g. presence of speaker)
Sex Sex of the focal indivdiuals M = Male, F= Female, both = sex not specified, or specifed to include both males and femaes
Age Age of focal individuals A = Adult, N = Nestling, J = Juveniles (including fledglings and first year birds), E = Egg
N Sample size: where analysis level is individuals = number of individuals, where anlysis level is flock = number of flocks
Nobs Total number of observations including repeated measures
NIndTreat Number of individuals included in the treatment
NIndControl Number of individuals in the control group
SubjectID Reference number to set of individuals values include mix of unique letters and unique numbers, should be treated as character
ResponseID Reference number to set of responses measured (must be independent in time) values are numeric, but should be treated as character. If response ID for a set of individuals within the same study is the same- it means the response measures were non-independnet (e.g., scoring both provisioning rate and biomass delivery rate as measures of provisioning).
Type Broad classification of responses Behaviour, LifeHistory, Physiology (includes Morphology)
Category Category of response type (see Table)
Subcategory Details on response variable. Subclassification of Category Subcategory of response category (see Table)
ResponseDetails Specific type of response recorded of measured details of response variable from study
PredictedDirection Predicted direction of effect of increased predation risk from theory (e.g., vigilance = positive, foraging = negative) 1 (positive), -1 (negative)
Direction Direction of effect relative to response description 1 = effect reported is consistent with label (e.g. ,positive value indicates increase in response), -1 = effect direction needs to be switched (e.g., latency to resume feeding should be multipled by -1 to represent foraging)
Interaction In case of Models or more than one variable measure at the same time, which variable have interaction with the response
d Cohge's d value for ES NUMBER
l_95 Lower 95 CI for the d value NUMBER
u_95 Upper 95 CI for the d value NUMBER
v NUMBER
method Reference to the method used from the ES calculator. NUMBER
Calculation Reference to location of the information used for the ES calculation NUMBER
Beta (estimate) Estimated value in Models NUMBER
l95CI CI inferior limit for Beta NUMBER
U95CI CI superior limit for Beta NUMBER
SE NUMBER
t T test values NUMBER
T NUMBER
Z NUMBER
F Values of ANOVA type analysis NUMBER
X2 NUMBER
H NUMBER
U NUMBER
p P values of Significance NUMBER
Details Comments
PredSpL_corrected Scientific name of focal species, matched with the phylogenetic tree used

1.4 Custom functions

We have 5 custom functions named : cont_gen(),get_pred1(), get_pred2(), mr_results(), and all_models(), all of which are used later (see below for their functionality) and the code is included here.

Code 
# custom functions

#' Title: Contrast name generator
#'
#' @param name: a vector of character strings
cont_gen <- function(name) {
  combination <- combn(name, 2)
  name_dat <- t(combination)
  names <- paste(name_dat[, 1], name_dat[, 2], sep = "-")
  return(names)
}

#' @title get_pred1: intercept-less model
#' @description Function to get CIs (confidence intervals) and PIs (prediction intervals) from rma objects (metafor)
#' @param model: rma.mv object 
#' @param mod: the name of a moderator 
get_pred1 <- function (model, mod = " ") {
  name <- firstup(as.character(stringr::str_replace(row.names(model$beta), mod, "")))
  len <- length(name)
  
   if (len != 1) {
        newdata <- diag(len)
        pred <- metafor::predict.rma(model, 
                                     newmods = newdata,
                                     tau2.levels = 1:len)
    }
    else {
        pred <- metafor::predict.rma(model)
  }
  estimate <- pred$pred
  lowerCL <- pred$ci.lb
  upperCL <- pred$ci.ub 
  lowerPR <- pred$cr.lb
  upperPR <- pred$cr.ub 
  
  table <- tibble(name = factor(name, levels = name, labels = name), estimate = estimate,
                  lowerCL = lowerCL, upperCL = upperCL,
                  pval = model$pval,
                  lowerPR = lowerPR, upperPR = upperPR)
}

#' @title get_pred2: normal model
#' @description Function to get CIs (confidence intervals) and PIs (prediction intervals) from rma objects (metafor)
#' @param model: rma.mv object 
#' @param mod: the name of a moderator 
get_pred2 <- function (model, mod = " ") {
  name <- as.factor(str_replace(row.names(model$beta), 
                                paste0("relevel", "\\(", mod,", ref = name",
                                       "\\)"),""))
  len <- length(name)
  
  if(len != 1){
  newdata <- diag(len)
  pred <- predict.rma(model, intercept = FALSE, newmods = newdata[,-1])
  }
  else {
    pred <- predict.rma(model)
  }
  estimate <- pred$pred
  lowerCL <- pred$ci.lb
  upperCL <- pred$ci.ub 
  lowerPR <- pred$cr.lb
  upperPR <- pred$cr.ub 
  
  table <- tibble(name = factor(name, levels = name, labels = name), estimate = estimate,
                  lowerCL = lowerCL, upperCL = upperCL,
                  pval = model$pval,
                  lowerPR = lowerPR, upperPR = upperPR)
}

#' @title mr_results
#' @description Function to put results of meta-regression and its contrasts
#' @param res1: data frame 1
#' @param res1: data frame 2
mr_results <- function(res1, res2) {
  restuls <-tibble(
    `Fixed effect` = c(as.character(res1$name), cont_gen(res1$name)),
    Estimate = c(res1$estimate, res2$estimate),
    `Lower CI [0.025]` = c(res1$lowerCL, res2$lowerCL),
    `Upper CI  [0.975]` = c(res1$upperCL, res2$upperCL),
    `P value` = c(res1$pval, res2$pval),
    `Lower PI [0.025]` = c(res1$lowerPR, res2$lowerPR),
    `Upper PI  [0.975]` = c(res1$upperPR, res2$upperPR),
  )
}


#' @title all_models
#' @description Function to take all possible models and get their results
#' @param model: intercept-less model
#' @param mod: the name of a moderator 

all_models <- function(model, mod = " ", type = "homo") {
  
  # getting the level names out
  level_names <- levels(factor(model$data[[mod]]))
  dat2 <- model$data
  mod <- mod

  VCV1 <- vcalc(vi = dat2$Vd,
             cluster = dat2$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)
  #model$data[[mod]] <- factor(model$data[[mod]], ordered = FALSE)
  # meta-regression: contrasts 
  # helper function to run metafor meta-regression
  run_rma1 <- function(name) {
    rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
         V = VCV1, 
         mods = ~ relevel(dat2[[mod]], ref = name), 
         random = list(~1 | FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat2)
   }

    run_rma2 <- function(name) {
    rma.mv(yi = SMD,
         V = VCV1,
         mods = ~ relevel(dat2[[mod]], ref = name),
         random = list(~1 | FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             formula(paste("~", mod, "| Obs_ID"))),
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat2)
   }

  # results of meta-regression including all contrast results; taking the last level out ([-length(level_names)])
  # this does not work for hetero model?
  if (type == "homo"){
  model_all <- map(level_names[-length(level_names)], run_rma1)
  } else {
  model_all <- map(level_names[-length(level_names)], run_rma2)
  }
  
  # getting estimates from intercept-less models (means for all the groups)
  res1 <- get_pred1(model, mod = mod)
  
  # getting estiamtes from all contrast models
  res2_pre <- map(model_all, ~ get_pred2(.x, mod = mod))
  
  # a list of the numbers to take out unnecessary contrasts
  contra_list <- Map(seq, from=1, to=1:(length(level_names) - 1))
  res2 <- map2_dfr(res2_pre, contra_list, ~.x[-(.y), ]) 
  # creating a table
  res_tab <- mr_results(res1, res2) %>% 
  kable("html",  digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%")
  
  # results
  res_tab

}

# test 
#all_models(mod1, mod = "Treat_mod")
#all_models(mod1s, mod = "Treat_mod")
#all_models(mod1s2, mod = "Treat_mod")

1.5 Preparing data set

Code 
# function for calculating variance
Vd_func <- function(d, n1, n2, design, r = 0.5){
  # independent design
  if(design == "among"){
    var <- (n1 + n2) / (n1*n2) + d^2 / (2 * (n1 + n2 - 2)) # variance
  } else { # dependent design
    var <- 2*(1-r) / n1 + d^2 / (2*(n1 - 1)) # variance
  }
  var # return variance
}

# getting Hedges' g - get small size bias corrected effect size
dat_full$SMD <- dat_full$d / (1 - 3/(4 * (dat_full$NTreat + dat_full$Ncontrol) - 9))

# flipping d 
dat_full$SMD <- dat_full$d*dat_full$Direction*dat_full$PredictedDirection


# calucating Vd
dat_full$Vd <- with(dat_full, pmap_dbl(list(SMD, NTreat, Ncontrol, Design), Vd_func))


# extra useful function
# function for getting mean and sd from median, quartiles and sample size
# get_mean_sd <- function(median, q1, q3, n){
#   sd <- (q3 - q1) / (2 * (qnorm((0.75 * n - 0.125) / (n + 0.25)))) # sd
#   mean <- (median + q1 + q3)/3 # mean
#   c(mean, sd)
# }


# observation id
dat_full$Obs_ID <- 1:nrow(dat_full)
dat_full$Phylo <- gsub(" ", "_", dat_full$FocalSpL)

# filtering very large variance and also very small sample size
dat_int <- dat_full %>% filter(Vd < 10 & Ncontrol > 2 & NTreat > 2)

#dim(dat_full)
#dim(dat_int)


# sorting out modality stuff
# creat - 1,2,3 modality - also easier classification A, O, V (AOV = L) 

dat_int %>% mutate(Treat_mod = case_when(Treatment == "A" ~ "A",
                                          Treatment == "AV" ~ "AV",
                                          Treatment == "AVG" ~ "AV",
                                          Treatment == "AVM" ~ "AV",
                                          Treatment == "L" ~ "AVO",
                                          Treatment == "O" ~ "O",
                                          Treatment == "OV" ~ "OV",
                                          Treatment == "V" ~ "V",
                                          Treatment == "VG" ~ "V",
                                          Treatment == "VM" ~ "V",
                                          Treatment == "VP" ~ "V"),
                    # into how many
                    Treat_No = case_when(Treatment == "A" ~ 1,
                                         Treatment == "AV" ~ 2,
                                         Treatment == "AVG" ~ 2,
                                         Treatment == "AVM" ~ 2,
                                         Treatment == "L" ~ 3,
                                         Treatment == "O" ~ 1,
                                         Treatment == "OV" ~ 2,
                                         Treatment == "V" ~ 1,
                                         Treatment == "VG" ~ 1,
                                         Treatment == "VM" ~ 1,
                                         Treatment == "VP" ~ 1),
                    # des it have some add-ons
                    Add_on = case_when(Treatment == "A" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "AV" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "AVG" ~ "Yes",
                                         Treatment == "AVM" ~ "Yes",
                                         Treatment == "L" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "O" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "OV" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "V" ~ "No",
                                         Treatment == "VG" ~ "Yes",
                                         Treatment == "VM" ~ "Yes",
                                         Treatment == "VP" ~ "Yes"),

                      ) -> dat

# creating data just for A, V, and AV 
dat_short <- dat %>% filter(Treat_mod == "A" | Treat_mod == "V" | Treat_mod == "AV")

# for add-on, we only need V and AV
dat_short_add <- dat %>% filter(Treat_mod == "AV" | Treat_mod == "V")


dat <- dat %>%
  mutate_if(is.character, as.factor)

# reordering factors for better visualization

# dat$Treat_mod <- factor(dat$Treat_mod, levels = c("A", "V", "AV", "O", "OV", "AVO"))

1.6 Processed data and missing data

Code 
# showing dataset table

2 Exploratory visualization

For Treat_mod (Treatment), we will only visualise A, V, and AV as O $r $, OV, and AVO are much rarer. But for Type (Trait type), we will use all data.

Code 
# reordering dat_shrot$Treat_mod for better visualisation
dat_short$Treat_mod <- factor(dat_short$Treat_mod, levels = c("A", "V", "AV"))

# Treatment vs Type
dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, Type) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab

#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = Type)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and trait type")

Code 
# tuning Treatment duration into a binary variable
dat_short %>% mutate(TDration = case_when(duration_days < 1 ~ "< 1 day",
                                          duration_days >= 1 ~ "> 1 day")) -> dat_short

# reformatting data
dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, TDration) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = TDration)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and duration of treatment")

Code 
 # Treat_mod vs Design

dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, Sex) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab
#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = Sex)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and study setting")

Code 
# Treat_mod vs Design
dat_short %>% filter(PredTo != "") %>%
  group_by(Treat_mod, PredTo) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab

tab$PredTo <- factor(tab$PredTo, levels = c("A", "N", "B"), labels = c("Adult", "Nestling", "Both"))

#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = PredTo)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and study setting")

Code 
 # Treat_mod vs Design

dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, Design) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab
#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = Design)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and study setting")

Code 
 # Treat_mod vs Design

dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, Season) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab
#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = Season)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and study setting")

Code 
 # Treat_mod vs Design

dat_short %>% group_by(Treat_mod, Setting) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab
#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = Setting)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and study setting")

Code 
# Treat_mod vs ControlType

dat_short %>% filter(ControlType != "mix") %>% group_by(Treat_mod, ControlType) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab
#alluvial(tab1[,1:2], freq = tab1$n)

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Treat_mod,
           axis2 = ControlType)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Treat_mod)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 6, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Treatment modality and control type")

Code 
# Type vs duration_days

# turn duration_days into a binary factor: less than 1 and more than 1

dat %>% mutate(TDration = case_when(duration_days < 1 ~ "< 1 day",
                                          duration_days >= 1 ~ "> 1 day")) -> dat


dat %>% group_by(Type, TDration) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab2

# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab2,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Type,
           axis2 = TDration)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Type)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Trait type and duration of treatment")

Code 
# Type vs duration_days

# turn duration_days into a binary factor: less than 1 and more than 1

dat %>% mutate(TDration = case_when(duration_days < 1 ~ "< 1 day",
                                          duration_days >= 1 ~ "> 1 day")) -> dat

dat %>% group_by(Type, Sex) %>%
  summarise(n = n()) -> tab

# reordering
tab$Sex <- factor(tab$Sex, levels = c("F", "M", "both"), labels = c("Female", "Male", "Both"))


# using ggaruvial
ggplot(tab,
       aes(y = n,
           axis1 = Type,
           axis2 = Sex)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = Type)) +
  geom_stratum(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", size = 4, aes(label = after_stat(stratum))) +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_blank()) + # remove x-axis labels
  ylab("Frequency") + 
  xlab("Trait type and duration of treatment")

3 Meta-analysis

Code 
##| warning: false

# creating Spp and Phylo varaibles from FocalSpL_corrected

dat$Spp <- dat$FocalSpL_corrected
dat$Phylo <- dat$FocalSpL_corrected

# VCV matrix

VCV <- vcalc(vi = dat$Vd,
             cluster = dat$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)

mod_ma <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
       V = VCV, 
       random = list(~1 | Phylo,
                     ~1 | Spp,
                     ~1 | RecNo,
                     ~1 | SubjectID, # Incorporated as VCV
                     ~1 | Obs_ID),
      R = list(Phylo = cor_tree),
       test = "t",
       method = "REML", 
       sparse = TRUE,
       data = dat)

summary(mod_ma)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-894.6215  1789.2431  1801.2431  1828.0025  1801.3760   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed     factor    R 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0000     87     no      Phylo  yes 
sigma^2.2  0.0154  0.1240     87     no        Spp   no 
sigma^2.3  0.1416  0.3763    116     no      RecNo   no 
sigma^2.4  0.0000  0.0000    153     no  SubjectID   no 
sigma^2.5  0.6866  0.8286    640     no     Obs_ID   no 

Model Results:

estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
  0.4179  0.0660  6.3294  639  <.0001  0.2882  0.5475  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
# this could be added but not probably necessary
#robust(mod_ma, cluster = dat$SubjectID)

round(i2_ml(mod_ma), 2)
    I2_Total     I2_Phylo       I2_Spp     I2_RecNo I2_SubjectID    I2_Obs_ID 
       92.82         0.00         1.69        15.58         0.00        75.54
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_ma,
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
##| eval: false
# function to run the meta-analysis above
model_run <- function(cor_tree = vcv_tree){
  model <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
       V = VCV, 
       random = list(~1 | Phylo,
                     ~1 | Spp,
                     ~1 | RecNo,
                     ~1 | SubjectID, 
                     ~1 | Obs_ID),
      R = list(Phylo = cor_tree),
       test = "t",
       method = "REML", 
       sparse = TRUE,
       data = dat)
  model
}

# creating 50 correlation matrixes from 50 different trees
vcv_tree_50 <- map(tree_50, ~vcv(.x, corr = TRUE))

# running 50 meta-analyses with 50 different trees
# one can change mc.cores according to one's computer
ma_50 <- mclapply(vcv_tree_50, model_run, mc.cores = 18)

# saving the runs
saveRDS(ma_50, here("Rdata", "ma_50.RDS"))
Code 
ma_50 <- readRDS(here("Rdata", "ma_50.RDS"))

# combining the results
est_50 <- map_dbl(ma_50, ~ .x$b[[1]])
se_50 <-  map_dbl(ma_50, ~ .x$se)
df_50 <- c(rbind(est_50, se_50))
  
# combine the data frames into an array
my_array <- array(df_50, dim = c(1, 2, 50))

# combining all the results from 50 models using Rubin's rules
pool.mi(my_array) 
#> Pooling estimates from 50 imputed analyses for 1 parameters. 
  pooled.mean pooled.total.se frac.miss.info  CI.1  CI.2 P.value
1       0.418           0.066              0 0.288 0.547  <0.001
  pooled.mean pooled.total.se se.within   se.between relative.inc.var
1   0.4178727        0.066021  0.066021 4.087518e-06     3.909807e-09
  frac.miss.info      CI.1      CI.2      p.value
1    2.00452e-06 0.2884738 0.5472717 2.462338e-10
Code 
# reduced model

mod_ma2 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
       V = VCV, 
       random = list(~1 | FocalSpL,
                     ~1 | RecNo,
                     ~1 | Obs_ID),
       test = "t",
       method = "REML", 
       sparse = TRUE,
       data = dat)

summary(mod_ma2)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-894.6453  1789.2906  1797.2906  1815.1302  1797.3537   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0111  0.1052     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1450  0.3808    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6872  0.8290    640     no    Obs_ID 

Model Results:

estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
  0.4139  0.0653  6.3401  639  <.0001  0.2857  0.5421  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(i2_ml(mod_ma2), 2)
   I2_Total I2_FocalSpL    I2_RecNo   I2_Obs_ID 
      92.81        1.22       15.96       75.63
Code 
# comparing two models
#anova(mod0, mod0r)

4 Meta-regression: uni-moderator

Code 
mod_trt <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1 | FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mod = ~ Treat_mod - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_trt)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-887.7086  1775.4172  1793.4172  1833.4856  1793.7056   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0074  0.0862     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1563  0.3954    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6907  0.8311    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:6):
F(df1 = 6, df2 = 634) = 6.8763, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

              estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
Treat_modA      0.4019  0.0971  4.1381  634  <.0001   0.2112  0.5926  *** 
Treat_modAV     0.4723  0.1345  3.5128  634  0.0005   0.2083  0.7363  *** 
Treat_modAVO    0.5955  0.4487  1.3270  634  0.1850  -0.2857  1.4767      
Treat_modO      0.2577  0.2930  0.8797  634  0.3793  -0.3176  0.8330      
Treat_modOV     0.0185  0.3829  0.0482  634  0.9615  -0.7334  0.7703      
Treat_modV      0.4324  0.1043  4.1442  634  <.0001   0.2275  0.6373  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_trt)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.64          19.68
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_trt, 
             mod = "Treat_mod",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_trt, mod = "Treat_mod")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
A 0.402 0.211 0.593 0.000 -1.423 2.227
AV 0.472 0.208 0.736 0.000 -1.362 2.307
AVO 0.595 -0.286 1.477 0.185 -1.422 2.613
O 0.258 -0.318 0.833 0.379 -1.646 2.162
OV 0.018 -0.733 0.770 0.962 -1.946 1.983
V 0.432 0.228 0.637 0.000 -1.394 2.259
A-AV 0.070 -0.248 0.389 0.664 -1.772 1.913
A-AVO 0.194 -0.706 1.093 0.673 -1.832 2.219
A-O -0.144 -0.748 0.460 0.639 -2.057 1.769
A-OV -0.383 -1.158 0.392 0.332 -2.357 1.590
A-V 0.031 -0.240 0.301 0.825 -1.805 1.866
AV-AVO 0.123 -0.797 1.043 0.793 -1.912 2.158
AV-O -0.215 -0.847 0.418 0.506 -2.137 1.708
AV-OV -0.454 -1.250 0.343 0.264 -2.436 1.528
AV-V -0.040 -0.340 0.260 0.794 -1.880 1.800
AVO-O -0.338 -1.390 0.714 0.529 -2.436 1.760
AVO-OV -0.577 -1.711 0.557 0.318 -2.717 1.563
AVO-V -0.163 -1.067 0.741 0.723 -2.191 1.865
O-OV -0.239 -1.186 0.707 0.620 -2.286 1.808
O-V 0.175 -0.434 0.784 0.574 -1.740 2.089
OV-V 0.414 -0.364 1.192 0.296 -1.561 2.389
Code 
#homoscedastic model

VCVs <- vcalc(vi = dat_short$Vd,
             cluster = dat_short$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)


mod_trt_1 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
                   V = VCVs,
                   random = list(~1|FocalSpL,
                                 ~1 | RecNo,
                                 ~1 | Obs_ID),
                   mod = ~ Treat_mod - 1, 
                   test = "t",
                   method = "REML", 
                   sparse = TRUE,
                   data = dat_short)

summary(mod_trt_1)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 600; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-847.7054  1695.4108  1707.4108  1733.7623  1707.5532   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0087  0.0932     81     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1700  0.4123    104     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.7138  0.8449    600     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 597) = 12.6006, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

             estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Treat_modA     0.4055  0.0996  4.0715  597  <.0001  0.2099  0.6012  *** 
Treat_modV     0.4386  0.1069  4.1041  597  <.0001  0.2287  0.6485  *** 
Treat_modAV    0.4782  0.1379  3.4687  597  0.0006  0.2074  0.7490  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_trt_1)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.08          20.09
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_trt_1, 
             mod = "Treat_mod",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table (get all the constrasts)
all_models(mod_trt_1, mod = "Treat_mod")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
A 0.406 0.210 0.601 0.000 -1.460 2.271
V 0.439 0.229 0.648 0.000 -1.429 2.306
AV 0.478 0.207 0.749 0.001 -1.397 2.353
A-V 0.033 -0.244 0.310 0.815 -1.843 1.909
A-AV 0.073 -0.254 0.399 0.662 -1.811 1.957
V-AV 0.040 -0.267 0.346 0.800 -1.841 1.920
Code 
# modeling heteroscedasticity
mod_trt_2 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
                V = VCVs, 
                random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                              ~1 | RecNo, 
                              ~ Treat_mod | Obs_ID), 
                mod = ~ Treat_mod - 1, 
                test = "t",
                struct = "DIAG",
                method = "REML", 
                sparse = TRUE,
                data = dat_short)

summary(mod_trt_2)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 600; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-838.2594  1676.5188  1692.5188  1727.6541  1692.7637   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0086  0.0927     81     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1764  0.4200    104     no     RecNo 

outer factor: Obs_ID    (nlvls = 600)
inner factor: Treat_mod (nlvls = 3)

            estim    sqrt  k.lvl  fixed  level 
tau^2.1    0.7479  0.8648    302     no      A 
tau^2.2    0.8583  0.9264    190     no      V 
tau^2.3    0.3460  0.5882    108     no     AV 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 597) = 12.4198, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

             estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Treat_modA     0.4100  0.1013  4.0495  597  <.0001  0.2112  0.6089  *** 
Treat_modV     0.4400  0.1108  3.9729  597  <.0001  0.2225  0.6576  *** 
Treat_modAV    0.4482  0.1229  3.6459  597  0.0003  0.2068  0.6897  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_trt_2, 
             mod = "Treat_mod",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table (get all the constrasts)
all_models(mod_trt_2, mod = "Treat_mod")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
A 0.410 0.211 0.609 0.000 -1.497 2.317
V 0.440 0.223 0.658 0.000 -1.578 2.458
AV 0.448 0.207 0.690 0.000 -1.003 1.900
A-V 0.033 -0.244 0.310 0.815 -1.843 1.909
A-AV 0.073 -0.254 0.399 0.662 -1.811 1.957
V-AV 0.040 -0.267 0.346 0.800 -1.841 1.920
Code 
# comparison models
anova(mod_trt_1, mod_trt_2) # modeling heteroscedasticity is better 

        df       AIC       BIC      AICc    logLik     LRT   pval QE 
Full     8 1692.5188 1727.6541 1692.7637 -838.2594                NA 
Reduced  6 1707.4108 1733.7623 1707.5532 -847.7054 18.8921 <.0001 NA
Code 
# the effect of additions
# this is a part of sensitivity analysis

dat_short_add$Treat_add <- as.factor(paste(dat_short_add$Treat_mod , 
                                 dat_short_add$Add_on, 
                                 sep = "-"))

VCVs2 <- vcalc(vi = dat_short_add$Vd,
             cluster = dat_short_add$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)

mod_add <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
                V = VCVs2, 
                random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                              ~1 | RecNo, 
                              ~ 1 | Obs_ID), 
                mod = ~ Treat_add - 1,
                test = "t",
                struct = "DIAG",
                method = "REML", 
                sparse = TRUE,
                data = dat_short_add)

summary(mod_add) 

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 298; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-422.9579   845.9158   859.9158   885.7008   860.3074   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0000     39     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1432  0.3784     58     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6666  0.8165    298     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
F(df1 = 4, df2 = 294) = 6.2038, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                 estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
Treat_addAV-No     0.4270  0.1410  3.0289  294  0.0027   0.1495  0.7045   ** 
Treat_addAV-Yes    0.5716  0.2828  2.0210  294  0.0442   0.0150  1.1283    * 
Treat_addV-No      0.4262  0.1095  3.8912  294  0.0001   0.2106  0.6418  *** 
Treat_addV-Yes     0.2930  0.2091  1.4017  294  0.1621  -0.1184  0.7045      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_add, 
             mod = "Treat_add",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table (get all the constrasts)
all_models(mod_add, mod = "Treat_add")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
AV-No 0.427 0.150 0.704 0.003 -1.366 2.220
AV-Yes 0.572 0.015 1.128 0.044 -1.285 2.428
V-No 0.426 0.211 0.642 0.000 -1.358 2.210
V-Yes 0.293 -0.118 0.704 0.162 -1.525 2.111
AV-No-AV-Yes 0.145 -0.466 0.755 0.642 -1.729 2.018
AV-No-V-No -0.001 -0.324 0.322 0.996 -1.801 1.800
AV-No-V-Yes -0.134 -0.619 0.351 0.587 -1.970 1.702
AV-Yes-V-No -0.145 -0.734 0.443 0.627 -2.012 1.721
AV-Yes-V-Yes -0.279 -0.936 0.379 0.405 -2.168 1.611
V-No-V-Yes -0.133 -0.578 0.312 0.556 -1.959 1.693
Code 
# testing the number of stimuli

mod_ord <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo, 
                             ~1 | Obs_ID), 
               mod = ~ Treat_No, 
               test = "t",
               method = "REML", 
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_ord)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-893.4118  1786.8236  1796.8236  1819.1153  1796.9185   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0117  0.1081     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1469  0.3833    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6875  0.8292    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficient 2):
F(df1 = 1, df2 = 638) = 0.0952, p-val = 0.7577

Model Results:

          estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub    
intrcpt     0.3696  0.1603  2.3057  638  0.0214   0.0548  0.6843  * 
Treat_No    0.0366  0.1185  0.3086  638  0.7577  -0.1962  0.2694    

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
bubble_plot(mod_ord,
             mod = "Treat_No",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "The number of simuli",
             g = TRUE)

Code 
#homoscedastic model
# Type of responses 
mod_type1 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1 | FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mod = ~ Type - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_type1)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-886.7295  1773.4590  1785.4590  1812.1996  1785.5923   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0002     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1322  0.3635    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6902  0.8308    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 637) = 18.0966, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                 estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
TypeBehaviour      0.4866  0.0677  7.1917  637  <.0001   0.3537  0.6194  *** 
TypeLifeHistory    0.3089  0.1176  2.6263  637  0.0088   0.0779  0.5398   ** 
TypePhysiology     0.0284  0.1285  0.2207  637  0.8254  -0.2240  0.2807      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_type1)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          3.15          18.71
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_type1,
             mod = "Type",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_type1, mod = "Type")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Behaviour 0.487 0.354 0.619 0.000 -1.299 2.272
LifeHistory 0.309 0.078 0.540 0.009 -1.487 2.105
Physiology 0.028 -0.224 0.281 0.825 -1.770 1.827
Behaviour-LifeHistory -0.178 -0.418 0.062 0.146 -1.975 1.619
Behaviour-Physiology -0.458 -0.723 -0.193 0.001 -2.259 1.342
LifeHistory-Physiology -0.280 -0.586 0.025 0.072 -2.087 1.526
Code 
# heteroscadasticity model
mod_type2 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               mod = ~ Type - 1, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo, 
                             ~Type | Obs_ID), 
               struct = "DIAG",
               test = "t",
               method = "REML", 
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_type2)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-870.7865  1741.5731  1757.5731  1793.2272  1757.8024   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0274  0.1656     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1296  0.3600    116     no     RecNo 

outer factor: Obs_ID (nlvls = 640)
inner factor: Type   (nlvls = 3)

            estim    sqrt  k.lvl  fixed        level 
tau^2.1    0.6577  0.8110    434     no    Behaviour 
tau^2.2    0.3176  0.5636    112     no  LifeHistory 
tau^2.3    1.2391  1.1131     94     no   Physiology 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 637) = 17.4552, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                 estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
TypeBehaviour      0.5026  0.0720  6.9850  637  <.0001   0.3613  0.6439  *** 
TypeLifeHistory    0.3531  0.1047  3.3712  637  0.0008   0.1474  0.5587  *** 
TypePhysiology     0.0120  0.1549  0.0773  637  0.9384  -0.2922  0.3161      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_type2, 
             mod = "Type",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_type2, mod = "Type")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Behaviour 0.503 0.361 0.644 0.000 -1.275 2.281
LifeHistory 0.353 0.147 0.559 0.001 -1.015 1.721
Physiology 0.012 -0.292 0.316 0.938 -2.328 2.352
Behaviour-LifeHistory -0.178 -0.418 0.062 0.146 -1.975 1.619
Behaviour-Physiology -0.458 -0.723 -0.193 0.001 -2.259 1.342
LifeHistory-Physiology -0.280 -0.586 0.025 0.072 -2.087 1.526
Code 
# heteroscadasticity model better than the homoscedasticity model
# note LifeHistory has lowest variation but this may be expected? 
# as it is less flexiable (e.g. the number of eggs?)
anova(mod_type1, mod_type2)

        df       AIC       BIC      AICc    logLik     LRT   pval QE 
Full     8 1757.5731 1793.2272 1757.8024 -870.7865                NA 
Reduced  6 1785.4590 1812.1996 1785.5923 -886.7295 31.8859 <.0001 NA
Code 
# treatment duration

dat$ln_duration <- log(dat$duration_days)

mod_dur <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
               V = VCV,
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ ln_duration,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)
summary(mod_dur)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-889.1410  1778.2821  1788.2821  1810.5738  1788.3770   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0001     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1518  0.3897    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6888  0.8300    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficient 2):
F(df1 = 1, df2 = 638) = 8.4146, p-val = 0.0039

Model Results:

             estimate      se     tval   df    pval    ci.lb    ci.ub      
intrcpt        0.3710  0.0634   5.8526  638  <.0001   0.2465   0.4955  *** 
ln_duration   -0.0455  0.0157  -2.9008  638  0.0039  -0.0763  -0.0147   ** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_dur)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          3.43          20.87
Code 
bubble_plot(mod_dur,
             mod = "ln_duration",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "log(duration in days)",
             g = TRUE) +
    geom_point(data = dat,
    aes(x = ln_duration, y = SMD,
    color = Type,
    fill = Type,
    size = 1/sqrt(Vd)), alpha = 0.6) +
    scale_color_discrete() + 
    guides(color = "legend")

Code 
#p + geom_point(aes(colour = Type))
#scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "blue", "green"))

# extra  - looking at the interaction
mod_dur_int <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
               V = VCV,
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL,
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ ln_duration*Type,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

# no significant interaction
summary(mod_dur_int)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-880.1624  1760.3248  1778.3248  1818.3933  1778.6133   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0001     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1427  0.3777    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6882  0.8296    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:6):
F(df1 = 5, df2 = 634) = 3.5544, p-val = 0.0035

Model Results:

                             estimate      se     tval   df    pval    ci.lb 
intrcpt                        0.4394  0.0717   6.1286  634  <.0001   0.2986 
ln_duration                   -0.0411  0.0173  -2.3802  634  0.0176  -0.0750 
TypeLifeHistory               -0.3341  0.3591  -0.9302  634  0.3526  -1.0393 
TypePhysiology                -0.4638  0.1637  -2.8326  634  0.0048  -0.7853 
ln_duration:TypeLifeHistory    0.0837  0.1012   0.8265  634  0.4088  -0.1151 
ln_duration:TypePhysiology     0.0438  0.0495   0.8849  634  0.3765  -0.0534 
                               ci.ub      
intrcpt                       0.5802  *** 
ln_duration                  -0.0072    * 
TypeLifeHistory               0.3712      
TypePhysiology               -0.1423   ** 
ln_duration:TypeLifeHistory   0.2825      
ln_duration:TypePhysiology    0.1409      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
res<-mod_results(mod_dur_int, mod = "ln_duration", group = "RecNo", by = "Type")

bubble_plot(res,
             mod = "ln_duration",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "log(duration in days)",
             condition.nrow = 3,
             g = TRUE)

Code 
# sex

mod_sex1 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ Sex - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)
summary(mod_sex1)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-890.5710  1781.1420  1793.1420  1819.8826  1793.2753   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0099  0.0993     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1354  0.3680    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6906  0.8310    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 637) = 15.0441, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

         estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Sexboth    0.4706  0.0758  6.2110  637  <.0001  0.3218  0.6193  *** 
SexF       0.2579  0.1011  2.5501  637  0.0110  0.0593  0.4565    * 
SexM       0.4309  0.1325  3.2515  637  0.0012  0.1707  0.6912   ** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_sex1)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.95          18.17
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_sex1,
             mod = "Sex",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_sex1, mod = "Sex")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Both 0.471 0.322 0.619 0.000 -1.331 2.272
F 0.258 0.059 0.456 0.011 -1.548 2.064
M 0.431 0.171 0.691 0.001 -1.383 2.245
Both-F -0.213 -0.434 0.009 0.059 -2.022 1.596
Both-M -0.040 -0.323 0.244 0.784 -1.857 1.778
F-M 0.173 -0.098 0.444 0.211 -1.643 1.989
Code 
# heteroscedasticity

mod_sex2 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
                V = VCV, 
                mod = ~ Sex - 1, 
                random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                              ~1 | RecNo, 
                              ~Sex | Obs_ID), 
                struct = "DIAG",
                test = "t",
                method = "REML", 
                sparse = TRUE,
                data = dat)

summary(mod_sex2)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-867.9399  1735.8799  1751.8799  1787.5341  1752.1092   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0007     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1454  0.3813    116     no     RecNo 

outer factor: Obs_ID (nlvls = 640)
inner factor: Sex    (nlvls = 3)

            estim    sqrt  k.lvl  fixed  level 
tau^2.1    0.8865  0.9415    398     no   both 
tau^2.2    0.2883  0.5369    158     no      F 
tau^2.3    0.6740  0.8210     84     no      M 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 637) = 14.8707, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

         estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Sexboth    0.4729  0.0781  6.0557  637  <.0001  0.3196  0.6263  *** 
SexF       0.2429  0.0834  2.9127  637  0.0037  0.0791  0.4066   ** 
SexM       0.4268  0.1278  3.3403  637  0.0009  0.1759  0.6777  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_sex2,
             mod = "Sex",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_sex2, mod = "Sex", type = "hetero")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Both 0.473 0.320 0.626 0.000 -1.528 2.474
F 0.243 0.079 0.407 0.004 -1.061 1.546
M 0.427 0.176 0.678 0.001 -1.368 2.222
Both-F -0.213 -0.434 0.009 0.059 -2.022 1.596
Both-M -0.040 -0.323 0.244 0.784 -1.857 1.778
F-M 0.173 -0.098 0.444 0.211 -1.643 1.989
Code 
anova(mod_sex1, mod_sex2)

        df       AIC       BIC      AICc    logLik     LRT   pval QE 
Full     8 1751.8799 1787.5341 1752.1092 -867.9399                NA 
Reduced  6 1793.1420 1819.8826 1793.2753 -890.5710 45.2621 <.0001 NA
Code 
# Category of responses


mod_cat <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo, 
                             ~1 | Obs_ID), 
               mod = ~ Category - 1, 
               test = "t",
               method = "REML", 
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_cat)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-879.5908  1759.1816  1781.1816  1830.1194  1781.6074   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0001     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1389  0.3727    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6912  0.8314    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:8):
F(df1 = 8, df2 = 632) = 7.2433, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                          estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb 
CategoryAntiPredator        0.4772  0.0924  5.1669  632  <.0001   0.2959 
CategoryCondition           0.0027  0.1394  0.0191  632  0.9848  -0.2710 
CategoryCostlyBehaviours    0.4567  0.1784  2.5596  632  0.0107   0.1063 
CategoryHormones            0.1717  0.2914  0.5891  632  0.5560  -0.4006 
CategoryIntake              0.7554  0.1623  4.6539  632  <.0001   0.4366 
CategoryParentalCare        0.4103  0.1076  3.8133  632  0.0002   0.1990 
CategoryPhenology           0.1927  0.1799  1.0711  632  0.2845  -0.1606 
Categoryreproduction        0.3366  0.1287  2.6159  632  0.0091   0.0839 
                           ci.ub      
CategoryAntiPredator      0.6586  *** 
CategoryCondition         0.2763      
CategoryCostlyBehaviours  0.8071    * 
CategoryHormones          0.7439      
CategoryIntake            1.0741  *** 
CategoryParentalCare      0.6216  *** 
CategoryPhenology         0.5459      
Categoryreproduction      0.5892   ** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_cat)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          4.12          20.17
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_cat, 
             mod = "Category",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             angle = 45,
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_cat, mod = "Category")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
AntiPredator 0.477 0.296 0.659 0.000 -1.321 2.276
Condition 0.003 -0.271 0.276 0.985 -1.807 1.813
CostlyBehaviours 0.457 0.106 0.807 0.011 -1.366 2.280
Hormones 0.172 -0.401 0.744 0.556 -1.707 2.050
Intake 0.755 0.437 1.074 0.000 -1.062 2.573
ParentalCare 0.410 0.199 0.622 0.000 -1.391 2.212
Phenology 0.193 -0.161 0.546 0.285 -1.631 2.016
Reproduction 0.337 0.084 0.589 0.009 -1.470 2.143
AntiPredator-Condition -0.475 -0.788 -0.161 0.003 -2.291 1.342
AntiPredator-CostlyBehaviours -0.021 -0.389 0.348 0.913 -1.847 1.806
AntiPredator-Hormones -0.306 -0.901 0.290 0.314 -2.191 1.580
AntiPredator-Intake 0.278 -0.063 0.619 0.110 -1.543 2.100
AntiPredator-ParentalCare -0.067 -0.329 0.195 0.616 -1.875 1.741
AntiPredator-Phenology -0.285 -0.662 0.093 0.140 -2.113 1.544
AntiPredator-Reproduction -0.141 -0.428 0.146 0.336 -1.953 1.671
Condition-CostlyBehaviours 0.454 0.018 0.891 0.042 -1.388 2.296
Condition-Hormones 0.169 -0.445 0.783 0.589 -1.723 2.061
Condition-Intake 0.753 0.353 1.152 0.000 -1.081 2.586
Condition-ParentalCare 0.408 0.086 0.730 0.013 -1.410 2.226
Condition-Phenology 0.190 -0.228 0.608 0.373 -1.647 2.027
Condition-Reproduction 0.334 -0.004 0.671 0.053 -1.487 2.155
CostlyBehaviours-Hormones -0.285 -0.952 0.382 0.402 -2.195 1.625
CostlyBehaviours-Intake 0.299 -0.160 0.757 0.202 -1.548 2.146
CostlyBehaviours-ParentalCare -0.046 -0.448 0.356 0.821 -1.880 1.787
CostlyBehaviours-Phenology -0.264 -0.753 0.225 0.289 -2.119 1.591
CostlyBehaviours-Reproduction -0.120 -0.543 0.303 0.578 -1.959 1.718
Hormones-Intake 0.584 -0.068 1.235 0.079 -1.320 2.488
Hormones-ParentalCare 0.239 -0.362 0.839 0.435 -1.649 2.126
Hormones-Phenology 0.021 -0.625 0.667 0.949 -1.881 1.923
Hormones-Reproduction 0.165 -0.447 0.777 0.597 -1.726 2.056
Intake-ParentalCare -0.345 -0.720 0.030 0.071 -2.173 1.483
Intake-Phenology -0.563 -1.031 -0.094 0.019 -2.412 1.287
Intake-Reproduction -0.419 -0.817 -0.020 0.039 -2.252 1.414
ParentalCare-Phenology -0.218 -0.611 0.176 0.278 -2.050 1.614
ParentalCare-Reproduction -0.074 -0.374 0.227 0.630 -1.888 1.740
Phenology-Reproduction 0.144 -0.220 0.508 0.438 -1.682 1.970
Code 
# Redactor guild
# Fish only N = 1 so remove and also remove NS (not specified)

dat %>% filter(PredGuild != "Fish" & PredGuild != "NS") ->
  data_preg

VCVs3 <- vcalc(vi = data_preg$Vd,
             cluster = data_preg$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)

mod_preg <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCVs3, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ PredGuild - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = data_preg)

summary(mod_preg)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 620; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-857.4707  1714.9413  1728.9413  1759.9040  1729.1255   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0007  0.0271     85     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1517  0.3895    110     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6839  0.8270    620     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
F(df1 = 4, df2 = 616) = 10.0849, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                  estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
PredGuildBird       0.4520  0.0732  6.1774  616  <.0001   0.3083  0.5957  *** 
PredGuildMammal     0.2681  0.1279  2.0957  616  0.0365   0.0169  0.5193    * 
PredGuildmixed      0.1120  0.2485  0.4508  616  0.6523  -0.3760  0.6001      
PredGuildReptile    0.3220  0.2800  1.1501  616  0.2506  -0.2279  0.8719      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_preg)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          1.70          19.62
Code 
# R2_marginal R2_conditional 
#           1.70          19.62 

orchard_plot(mod_preg, 
             mod = "PredGuild",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_preg, mod = "PredGuild")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Bird 0.452 0.308 0.596 0.000 -1.350 2.254
Mammal 0.268 0.017 0.519 0.037 -1.545 2.082
Mixed 0.112 -0.376 0.600 0.652 -1.749 1.973
Reptile 0.322 -0.228 0.872 0.251 -1.556 2.200
Bird-Mammal -0.184 -0.451 0.083 0.176 -2.000 1.632
Bird-Mixed -0.340 -0.847 0.167 0.189 -2.206 1.526
Bird-Reptile -0.130 -0.695 0.435 0.651 -2.013 1.753
Mammal-Mixed -0.156 -0.705 0.392 0.577 -2.034 1.722
Mammal-Reptile 0.054 -0.550 0.657 0.861 -1.841 1.949
Mixed-Reptile 0.210 -0.525 0.945 0.575 -1.731 2.151
Code 
# Setting

mod_set <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ Setting - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)

summary(mod_set)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-891.0585  1782.1169  1794.1169  1820.8575  1794.2502   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0172  0.1311     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1378  0.3712    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6868  0.8288    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 637) = 14.2658, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                     estimate      se     tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub 
SettingField           0.4245  0.0721   5.8846  637  <.0001   0.2829  0.5662 
SettingLab             0.4764  0.1575   3.0247  637  0.0026   0.1671  0.7857 
SettingSemi-natural   -0.2054  0.4204  -0.4886  637  0.6253  -1.0308  0.6201 
                         
SettingField         *** 
SettingLab            ** 
SettingSemi-natural      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_set)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.70          18.98
Code 
# R2_marginal R2_conditional 
#           0.70          18.98 

orchard_plot(mod_set, 
             mod = "Setting",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_set, mod = "Setting")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Field 0.425 0.283 0.566 0.000 -1.383 2.232
Lab 0.476 0.167 0.786 0.003 -1.352 2.304
Semi-natural -0.205 -1.031 0.620 0.625 -2.187 1.776
Field-Lab 0.052 -0.283 0.387 0.761 -1.781 1.884
Field-Semi-natural -0.630 -1.463 0.204 0.138 -2.615 1.355
Lab-Semi-natural -0.682 -1.559 0.195 0.127 -2.686 1.322
Code 
# Season
mod_4 <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ Season - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)


summary(mod_4)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-892.1745  1784.3489  1794.3489  1816.6406  1794.4439   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0187  0.1368     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1390  0.3728    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6875  0.8291    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
F(df1 = 2, df2 = 638) = 21.2697, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                    estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Seasonbreeding        0.3589  0.0783  4.5831  638  <.0001  0.2051  0.5127  *** 
Seasonnon-breeding    0.5596  0.1123  4.9845  638  <.0001  0.3392  0.7801  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_4)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.95          19.44
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_4,
             mod = "Season",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_4, mod = "Season")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Breeding 0.359 0.205 0.513 0.000 -1.453 2.171
Non-breeding 0.560 0.339 0.780 0.000 -1.259 2.378
Breeding-Non-breeding 0.201 -0.058 0.460 0.128 -1.623 2.025
Code 
# Design
mod_d <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ Design - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)
summary(mod_d)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-893.3891  1786.7783  1796.7783  1819.0700  1796.8732   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0103  0.1016     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1481  0.3848    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6879  0.8294    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
F(df1 = 2, df2 = 638) = 19.9969, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

              estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub      
Designamong     0.4061  0.0874  4.6483  638  <.0001  0.2345  0.5777  *** 
Designwithin    0.4197  0.0839  5.0006  638  <.0001  0.2549  0.5844  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_d)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.01          18.72
Code 
 # R2_marginal R2_conditional 
 #          0.01          18.72 

orchard_plot(mod_d,
             mod = "Design",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_d, mod = "Design")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Among 0.406 0.235 0.578 0.000 -1.409 2.221
Within 0.420 0.255 0.584 0.000 -1.394 2.234
Among-Within 0.014 -0.204 0.231 0.903 -1.806 1.833
Code 
# Response period
mod_resp <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ ResponsePeriod - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)
summary(mod_resp)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-892.5749  1785.1498  1795.1498  1817.4415  1795.2448   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0138  0.1176     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1435  0.3788    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6883  0.8296    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
F(df1 = 2, df2 = 638) = 20.8414, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                      estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub 
ResponsePeriodafter     0.3500  0.0851  4.1108  638  <.0001  0.1828  0.5171 
ResponsePeriodduring    0.4938  0.0903  5.4708  638  <.0001  0.3166  0.6711 
                          
ResponsePeriodafter   *** 
ResponsePeriodduring  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_resp)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.61          19.10
Code 
#   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
#          0.61          19.10 


orchard_plot(mod_resp,
             mod = "ResponsePeriod",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_resp, mod = "ResponsePeriod")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
After 0.350 0.183 0.517 0.000 -1.463 2.163
During 0.494 0.317 0.671 0.000 -1.321 2.308
After-During 0.144 -0.083 0.371 0.214 -1.676 1.964
Code 
# control type
# Mix only N = 1 so remove 

dat %>% filter(ControlType != "mix") ->
  data_cont

VCVs4 <- vcalc(vi = data_cont$Vd,
             cluster = data_cont$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)

mod_cont <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCVs4, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ ControlType - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = data_cont)
summary(mod_cont)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 639; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-891.3557  1782.7115  1794.7115  1821.4427  1794.8450   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0080  0.0893     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1504  0.3879    115     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6901  0.8307    639     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 636) = 13.3306, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

                        estimate      se    tval   df    pval   ci.lb   ci.ub 
ControlTypeBlank          0.4424  0.0947  4.6709  636  <.0001  0.2564  0.6283 
ControlTypedisturbance    0.4170  0.1452  2.8710  636  0.0042  0.1318  0.7022 
ControlTypeNonPred        0.3895  0.0810  4.8106  636  <.0001  0.2305  0.5485 
                            
ControlTypeBlank        *** 
ControlTypedisturbance   ** 
ControlTypeNonPred      *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_cont)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.07          18.73
Code 
# R2_marginal R2_conditional 
#           0.07          18.73 

orchard_plot(mod_cont,
             mod = "ControlType",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_cont, mod = "ControlType")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
Blank 0.442 0.256 0.628 0.000 -1.376 2.261
Disturbance 0.417 0.132 0.702 0.004 -1.414 2.248
NonPred 0.389 0.231 0.548 0.000 -1.426 2.205
Blank-Disturbance -0.025 -0.346 0.295 0.876 -1.862 1.812
Blank-NonPred -0.053 -0.260 0.155 0.617 -1.874 1.768
Disturbance-NonPred -0.027 -0.346 0.291 0.865 -1.864 1.809
Code 
# age
#A = Adult, N = Nestling, J = Juveniles (including fledglings and first year birds), E = Egg

# "" only N = 2 (study = 1) so remove 

dat %>% filter(Age != "") ->
  dat_age

VCVs5 <- vcalc(vi = dat_age$Vd,
             cluster = dat_age$SubjectID,
             rho = 0.5)


# age
mod_age <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCVs5, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ Age - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat_age)
summary(mod_age)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 638; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-888.1737  1776.3474  1790.3474  1821.5117  1790.5263   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0084  0.0917     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1498  0.3870    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6914  0.8315    638     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
F(df1 = 4, df2 = 634) = 9.9438, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

      estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
AgeA    0.4206  0.0677  6.2136  634  <.0001   0.2877  0.5536  *** 
AgeE    0.3228  0.3452  0.9353  634  0.3500  -0.3550  1.0006      
AgeJ    0.2881  0.3484  0.8269  634  0.4086  -0.3961  0.9724      
AgeN    0.3265  0.1911  1.7087  634  0.0880  -0.0487  0.7018    . 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_age)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.15          18.74
Code 
   # R2_marginal R2_conditional 
   #        0.15          18.74 

orchard_plot(mod_age,
             mod = "Age",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_age, mod = "Age")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
A 0.421 0.288 0.554 0.000 -1.394 2.235
E 0.323 -0.355 1.001 0.350 -1.610 2.256
J 0.288 -0.396 0.972 0.409 -1.647 2.223
N 0.327 -0.049 0.702 0.088 -1.522 2.175
A-E -0.098 -0.782 0.587 0.779 -2.033 1.837
A-J -0.133 -0.823 0.558 0.706 -2.070 1.805
A-N -0.094 -0.472 0.283 0.625 -1.943 1.755
E-J -0.035 -0.997 0.927 0.944 -2.085 2.015
E-N 0.004 -0.766 0.774 0.992 -1.963 1.971
J-N 0.038 -0.738 0.815 0.923 -1.931 2.008
Code 
# type of predator

dat$PredTo[dat$PredTo == ""] <- NA



mod_predt <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCV, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ PredTo - 1,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat)
summary(mod_predt)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 621; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-861.2315  1722.4629  1734.4629  1761.0219  1734.6004   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0003     85     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1572  0.3965    110     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6805  0.8249    621     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:3):
F(df1 = 3, df2 = 618) = 12.3559, p-val < .0001

Model Results:

         estimate      se    tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
PredToA    0.4284  0.0814  5.2628  618  <.0001   0.2686  0.5883  *** 
PredToB    0.3772  0.3065  1.2306  618  0.2190  -0.2247  0.9791      
PredToN    0.3337  0.0915  3.6466  618  0.0003   0.1540  0.5135  *** 

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_predt)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          0.25          18.97
Code 
# R2_marginal R2_conditional 
#           0.25          18.97 


orchard_plot(mod_predt,
             mod = "PredTo",
             group = "RecNo",
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)")

Code 
# result table
all_models(mod_predt, mod = "PredTo")
Fixed effect Estimate Lower CI [0.025] Upper CI [0.975] P value Lower PI [0.025] Upper PI [0.975]
A 0.428 0.269 0.588 0.000 -1.376 2.233
B 0.377 -0.225 0.979 0.219 -1.518 2.273
N 0.334 0.154 0.513 0.000 -1.473 2.140
A-B -0.051 -0.674 0.572 0.872 -1.953 1.851
A-N -0.095 -0.314 0.125 0.397 -1.905 1.716
B-N -0.043 -0.672 0.585 0.892 -1.947 1.861

5 Meta-regression: multi-moderator

Code 
#######################
# Mulit-variable models
#######################

dat_short$sln_duration <- scale(log(dat_short$duration_days))

mod_full <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
               V = VCVs, 
               random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                             ~1 | RecNo,
                             ~1 | Obs_ID),
               mods =  ~ sln_duration*Type +
                         sln_duration*Treat_mod +
                         Sex,
               test = "t",
               method = "REML",
               sparse = TRUE,
               data = dat_short)
summary(mod_full)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 600; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-826.1989  1652.3977  1682.3977  1748.0486  1683.2369   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0001     81     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1540  0.3925    104     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.7169  0.8467    600     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:12):
F(df1 = 11, df2 = 588) = 2.0578, p-val = 0.0216

Model Results:

                              estimate      se     tval   df    pval    ci.lb 
intrcpt                         0.4853  0.1076   4.5122  588  <.0001   0.2741 
sln_duration                   -0.1333  0.0896  -1.4886  588  0.1371  -0.3093 
TypeLifeHistory                -0.0267  0.4683  -0.0569  588  0.9546  -0.9463 
TypePhysiology                 -0.5076  0.1840  -2.7580  588  0.0060  -0.8691 
Treat_modV                      0.0477  0.1461   0.3264  588  0.7442  -0.2393 
Treat_modAV                     0.1566  0.1656   0.9455  588  0.3448  -0.1687 
SexF                           -0.2748  0.1295  -2.1219  588  0.0343  -0.5291 
SexM                           -0.0870  0.1531  -0.5679  588  0.5703  -0.3877 
sln_duration:TypeLifeHistory    0.1502  0.4474   0.3358  588  0.7372  -0.7284 
sln_duration:TypePhysiology     0.2185  0.1995   1.0952  588  0.2739  -0.1733 
sln_duration:Treat_modV        -0.0308  0.1418  -0.2168  588  0.8284  -0.3093 
sln_duration:Treat_modAV       -0.1650  0.1804  -0.9150  588  0.3606  -0.5193 
                                ci.ub      
intrcpt                        0.6966  *** 
sln_duration                   0.0426      
TypeLifeHistory                0.8930      
TypePhysiology                -0.1461   ** 
Treat_modV                     0.3347      
Treat_modAV                    0.4818      
SexF                          -0.0205    * 
SexM                           0.2138      
sln_duration:TypeLifeHistory   1.0289      
sln_duration:TypePhysiology    0.6103      
sln_duration:Treat_modV        0.2478      
sln_duration:Treat_modAV       0.1892      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
round(r2_ml(mod_full)*100, 2)
   R2_marginal R2_conditional 
          7.06          23.50
Code 
orchard_plot(mod_full,
             mod = "Type",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
orchard_plot(mod_full,
             mod = "Treat_mod",
             group = "RecNo", 
             xlab = "Standardised mean differnece (SMD)",
             branch.size = 3)

Code 
# interaction plot of duration with trait types
int_type <- mod_results(mod_full, mod = "sln_duration", group = "RecNo", weights = "prop",
                                   by = "Type")

bubble_plot(int_type, group = "RecNo", mod = "sln_duration", xlab = "ln(duration in days) (z-transformed)",
                     legend.pos = "top.left", condition.nrow = 3, g = TRUE)

Code 
# interaction plot of duration with trait types
int_trt <- mod_results(mod_full, mod = "sln_duration", group = "RecNo", weights = "prop",
                        by = "Treat_mod")

bubble_plot(int_trt, group = "RecNo", mod = "sln_duration", xlab = "ln(duration in days)",
            legend.pos = "top.left", condition.nrow = 3, g = TRUE)

Code 
# mulit-model selection
candidates <- dredge(mod_full, trace = 2)

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Code 
# displays delta AICc <2
candidates_aic2 <- subset(candidates, delta < 5) 
# model averaging
mr_averaged_aic2 <- summary(model.avg(candidates, delta < 5)) 

# relative importance of each predictor for all the models
importance <- sw(candidates)

6 Publication bias

Code 
funnel(mod_ma2, 
       yaxis="seinv",
       # = "rstudent",
       xlab = "Standarized residuals",
       ylab = "Precision (inverse of SE)",
       ylim = c(0.001, 16),
       xlim = c(-10,15),
       digits=c(0,1)
       )

Code 
funnel(mod_full, 
       yaxis="seinv",
       #type = "rstudent",
       xlab = "Standarized residuals",
       ylab = "Precision (inverse of SE)",
       ylim = c(0.001, 1.5),
       xlim = c(-5,10),
       digits=c(0,1)
       )

Code 
# Egger

dat$effectN <- (dat$Ncontrol * dat$NTreat) / (dat$Ncontrol + dat$NTreat)
dat$sqeffectN <- sqrt(dat$effectN)

mod_mae <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
                V = VCV,
                mods = ~ sqeffectN,
                random = list(
                  ~1 | FocalSpL,
                  ~1 | RecNo,
                  ~1 | Obs_ID),
                test = "t",
                method = "REML", 
                sparse = TRUE,
                data = dat)

summary(mod_mae)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-893.0018  1786.0037  1796.0037  1818.2954  1796.0986   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0003     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1483  0.3850    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6929  0.8324    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficient 2):
F(df1 = 1, df2 = 638) = 1.0650, p-val = 0.3025

Model Results:

           estimate      se     tval   df    pval    ci.lb   ci.ub      
intrcpt      0.5044  0.1194   4.2234  638  <.0001   0.2699  0.7390  *** 
sqeffectN   -0.0291  0.0282  -1.0320  638  0.3025  -0.0844  0.0262      

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
bubble_plot(mod_mae,
            mod = "sqeffectN",
            group = "RecNo",
            xlab = "Effective N",
            g = TRUE)

Code 
# decline effect
mod_mad <- rma.mv(yi = SMD,
                V = VCV,
                mods = ~ Year,
                random = list(
                  ~1 | FocalSpL,
                  ~1 | RecNo,
                  ~1 | Obs_ID),
                test = "t",
                method = "REML", 
                sparse = TRUE,
                data = dat)

summary(mod_mad)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 640; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-892.5966  1785.1932  1795.1932  1817.4849  1795.2881   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0103  0.1016     90     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1450  0.3808    116     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.6886  0.8298    640     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficient 2):
F(df1 = 1, df2 = 638) = 1.5062, p-val = 0.2202

Model Results:

         estimate       se     tval   df    pval     ci.lb    ci.ub    
intrcpt   23.4292  18.7537   1.2493  638  0.2120  -13.3973  60.2556    
Year      -0.0114   0.0093  -1.2273  638  0.2202   -0.0297   0.0069    

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
bubble_plot(mod_mad,
            mod = "Year",
            group = "RecNo",
            xlab = "Publication year",
            g = TRUE)

Code 
# full model
dat_short$effectN <- (dat_short$Ncontrol * dat_short$NTreat) / (dat_short$Ncontrol + dat_short$NTreat)
dat_short$sqeffectN <- sqrt(dat_short$effectN)

mod_fulle <- rma.mv(yi = SMD, 
                   V = VCVs, 
                   random = list(~1|FocalSpL , 
                                 ~1 | RecNo,
                                 ~1 | Obs_ID),
                   mods =  ~ sqeffectN +
                     Year +
                     sln_duration*Type +
                     sln_duration*Treat_mod +
                     Sex,
                   test = "t",
                   method = "REML",
                   sparse = TRUE,
                   data = dat_short)
summary(mod_fulle)

Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 600; method: REML)

   logLik   Deviance        AIC        BIC       AICc   
-823.4875  1646.9750  1680.9750  1755.3215  1682.0525   

Variance Components:

            estim    sqrt  nlvls  fixed    factor 
sigma^2.1  0.0000  0.0002     81     no  FocalSpL 
sigma^2.2  0.1587  0.3983    104     no     RecNo 
sigma^2.3  0.7183  0.8475    600     no    Obs_ID 

Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:14):
F(df1 = 13, df2 = 586) = 1.7639, p-val = 0.0454

Model Results:

                              estimate       se     tval   df    pval     ci.lb 
intrcpt                        14.6850  22.7802   0.6446  586  0.5194  -30.0557 
sqeffectN                      -0.0007   0.0328  -0.0216  586  0.9827   -0.0651 
Year                           -0.0070   0.0113  -0.6221  586  0.5341   -0.0293 
sln_duration                   -0.1252   0.0936  -1.3370  586  0.1817   -0.3090 
TypeLifeHistory                -0.0173   0.4714  -0.0366  586  0.9708   -0.9431 
TypePhysiology                 -0.5322   0.1894  -2.8094  586  0.0051   -0.9043 
Treat_modV                      0.0368   0.1478   0.2489  586  0.8035   -0.2535 
Treat_modAV                     0.1375   0.1690   0.8136  586  0.4162   -0.1944 
SexF                           -0.2740   0.1300  -2.1076  586  0.0355   -0.5293 
SexM                           -0.0953   0.1543  -0.6178  586  0.5369   -0.3983 
sln_duration:TypeLifeHistory    0.1450   0.4510   0.3216  586  0.7479   -0.7407 
sln_duration:TypePhysiology     0.2438   0.2055   1.1863  586  0.2360   -0.1599 
sln_duration:Treat_modV        -0.0261   0.1440  -0.1813  586  0.8562   -0.3088 
sln_duration:Treat_modAV       -0.1497   0.1834  -0.8161  586  0.4148   -0.5099 
                                ci.ub     
intrcpt                       59.4257     
sqeffectN                      0.0637     
Year                           0.0152     
sln_duration                   0.0587     
TypeLifeHistory                0.9086     
TypePhysiology                -0.1602  ** 
Treat_modV                     0.3271     
Treat_modAV                    0.4693     
SexF                          -0.0187   * 
SexM                           0.2077     
sln_duration:TypeLifeHistory   1.0307     
sln_duration:TypePhysiology    0.6475     
sln_duration:Treat_modV        0.2566     
sln_duration:Treat_modAV       0.2105     

---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Code 
# small-study
bubble_plot(mod_fulle, group = "RecNo", mod = "sqeffectN", xlab = "ln(duration in days)",
            legend.pos = "top.left", condition.nrow = 3, g = TRUE)

Code 
# decline
bubble_plot(mod_fulle, group = "RecNo", mod = "Year", xlab = "ln(duration in days)",
            legend.pos = "top.left", condition.nrow = 3, g = TRUE)

8 R Session Informtion

Code 
# pander for making it look nicer
sessionInfo() %>% pander()

R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16)

Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20 (64-bit)

locale: en_US.UTF-8||en_US.UTF-8||en_US.UTF-8||C||en_US.UTF-8||en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages: parallel, stats, graphics, grDevices, utils, datasets, methods and base

other attached packages: miWQS(v.0.4.4), pacman(v.0.5.1), pander(v.0.6.5), kableExtra(v.1.3.4), MuMIn(v.1.47.5), emmeans(v.1.8.7), clubSandwich(v.0.5.10), ape(v.5.7-1), easyalluvial(v.0.3.1), ggalluvial(v.0.12.5), alluvial(v.0.1-2), patchwork(v.1.1.3), metafor(v.4.2-0), numDeriv(v.2016.8-1.1), metadat(v.1.2-0), orchaRd(v.2.0), lme4(v.1.1-34), Matrix(v.1.6-1), here(v.1.0.1), lubridate(v.1.9.2), forcats(v.1.0.0), stringr(v.1.5.0), dplyr(v.1.1.2), purrr(v.1.0.2), readr(v.2.1.4), tidyr(v.1.3.0), tibble(v.3.2.1), ggplot2(v.3.4.3) and tidyverse(v.2.0.0)

loaded via a namespace (and not attached): mathjaxr(v.1.6-0), RColorBrewer(v.1.1-3), rstudioapi(v.0.15.0), jsonlite(v.1.8.7), magrittr(v.2.0.3), ggbeeswarm(v.0.7.2), estimability(v.1.4.1), farver(v.2.1.1), nloptr(v.2.0.3), rmarkdown(v.2.24), MCMCpack(v.1.6-3), vctrs(v.0.6.3), minqa(v.1.2.5), base64enc(v.0.1-3), webshot(v.0.5.5), htmltools(v.0.5.6), truncnorm(v.1.0-9), Formula(v.1.2-5), parallelly(v.1.36.0), glm2(v.1.2.1), htmlwidgets(v.1.6.2), matrixNormal(v.0.1.1), sandwich(v.3.0-2), zoo(v.1.8-12), lifecycle(v.1.0.3), pkgconfig(v.2.0.3), R6(v.2.5.1), fastmap(v.1.1.1), future(v.1.33.0), digest(v.0.6.33), colorspace(v.2.1-0), rprojroot(v.2.0.3), Hmisc(v.5.1-0), labeling(v.0.4.2), invgamma(v.1.1), latex2exp(v.0.9.6), progressr(v.0.14.0), fansi(v.1.0.4), timechange(v.0.2.0), mgcv(v.1.8-42), httr(v.1.4.7), compiler(v.4.3.1), withr(v.2.5.0), htmlTable(v.2.4.1), backports(v.1.4.1), condMVNorm(v.2020.1), highr(v.0.10), MASS(v.7.3-60), lava(v.1.7.2.1), quantreg(v.5.96), tools(v.4.3.1), vipor(v.0.4.5), foreign(v.0.8-84), beeswarm(v.0.4.0), future.apply(v.1.11.0), nnet(v.7.3-19), glue(v.1.6.2), nlme(v.3.1-162), grid(v.4.3.1), checkmate(v.2.2.0), cluster(v.2.1.4), generics(v.0.1.3), recipes(v.1.0.7), gtable(v.0.3.3), tzdb(v.0.4.0), class(v.7.3-22), data.table(v.1.14.8), hms(v.1.1.3), xml2(v.1.3.5), utf8(v.1.2.3), pillar(v.1.9.0), gmm(v.1.8), splines(v.4.3.1), lattice(v.0.21-8), survival(v.3.5-5), SparseM(v.1.81), tidyselect(v.1.2.0), knitr(v.1.43), gridExtra(v.2.3), svglite(v.2.1.1), mcmc(v.0.9-7), stats4(v.4.3.1), xfun(v.0.40), hardhat(v.1.3.0), timeDate(v.4022.108), Rsolnp(v.1.16), tmvmixnorm(v.1.1.1), stringi(v.1.7.12), yaml(v.2.3.7), boot(v.1.3-28.1), evaluate(v.0.21), codetools(v.0.2-19), cli(v.3.6.1), rpart(v.4.1.19), xtable(v.1.8-4), systemfonts(v.1.0.4), munsell(v.0.5.0), Rcpp(v.1.0.11), globals(v.0.16.2), coda(v.0.19-4), MatrixModels(v.0.5-2), gower(v.1.0.1), listenv(v.0.9.0), viridisLite(v.0.4.2), mvtnorm(v.1.2-2), rlist(v.0.4.6.2), ipred(v.0.9-14), tmvtnorm(v.1.5), scales(v.1.2.1), prodlim(v.2023.03.31), ggridges(v.0.5.4), rlang(v.1.1.1) and rvest(v.1.0.3)